Connecticut Water Systems Serving the Most Disadvantaged Populations — 2026
Connecticut community water utilities serving populations with the highest combined percent of non-white residents and households below 200% of the Federal Poverty Level (Census ACS 2019-2023, aggregated via EPA CWS Service Area Boundaries v3).
ranked
with demographic data
vintage
boundaries (March 2026)
These 41 Connecticut water utilities serve populations with the highest combined percent of non-white residents and households below 200% of the Federal Poverty Level. Within-size-class percentile rankings neutralize the confound of system size; no geographic cap is applied at the state level because all utilities are within a single state.
| Rank | Water System | State | Pop served | Equity score | % PoC served | % Below 200% FPL | Unresolved violations |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Waterbury Water Department | Connecticut | 107,884 | 87 | 69% | 45% | — |
| 2 | Windham Water Works | Connecticut | 21,377 | 87 | 50% | 48% | — |
| 3 | New Britain Water Department | Connecticut | 68,375 | 82 | 58% | 38% | — |
| 4 | New London Dept. of Public Utilities | Connecticut | 26,517 | 80.2 | 55% | 38% | — |
| 5 | Meriden Water Division | Connecticut | 55,394 | 74.1 | 51% | 34% | — |
| 6 | Danbury Water Department | Connecticut | 61,746 | 69.4 | 59% | 29% | — |
| 7 | Norwich Public Utilities | Connecticut | 34,847 | 68.7 | 43% | 33% | — |
| 8 | South Norwalk Electric & Water | Connecticut | 50,030 | 62.2 | 60% | 23% | — |
| 9 | Manchester Water Department | Connecticut | 53,222 | 61.2 | 45% | 27% | — |
| 10 | Middletown Water Department | Connecticut | 42,102 | 58 | 35% | 28% | — |
| 11 | Groton Utilities | Connecticut | 27,653 | 55.6 | 33% | 28% | — |
| 12 | Torrington Water Company | Connecticut | 27,280 | 53.2 | 27% | 30% | — |
| 13 | Metropolitan District Commission | Connecticut | 303,545 | 52.9 | 57% | 28% | — |
| 14 | Norwalk First Taxing District | Connecticut | 49,511 | 52.6 | 50% | 19% | — |
| 15 | Bristol Water Department | Connecticut | 45,530 | 48.6 | 35% | 22% | — |
| 16 | Bethel Water Department | Connecticut | 10,524 | 46.3 | 36% | 20% | — |
| 17 | Regional Water Authority | Connecticut | 361,784 | 45.3 | 47% | 29% | — |
| 18 | Montville Water Supply | Connecticut | 3,684 | 44.8 | 32% | 21% | — |
| 19 | Ctwc - Naugatuck Region-Central System | Connecticut | 24,705 | 44.8 | 36% | 19% | — |
| 20 | Putnam Water Pollution Control Authority | Connecticut | 6,713 | 44.6 | 16% | 31% | — |
| 21 | Watertown Water & Sewer Authority | Connecticut | 14,938 | 37.4 | 28% | 17% | — |
| 22 | Ctwc - Northern Reg-Western System | Connecticut | 95,747 | 36.6 | 27% | 18% | — |
| 23 | Hazardville Water Company | Connecticut | 17,379 | 36.2 | 24% | 19% | — |
| 24 | Ledyard Wpca, Gales Ferry System | Connecticut | 3,740 | 36.2 | 25% | 19% | — |
| 25 | Ctwc - Gallup System | Connecticut | 3,723 | 35.2 | 12% | 28% | — |
| 26 | Aquarion-Eastern Fairfield County | Connecticut | 471,577 | 35.1 | 46% | 23% | — |
| 27 | Cromwell Fire District Water Department | Connecticut | 6,948 | 34.6 | 26% | 17% | — |
| 28 | Winsted Water Works | Connecticut | 5,821 | 32.6 | 13% | 25% | — |
| 29 | Ctwc - Unionville System | Connecticut | 20,323 | 31.8 | 30% | 12% | — |
| 30 | Waterford Wpca | Connecticut | 18,938 | 28.6 | 19% | 17% | — |
| 31 | Ctwc - Naugatuck Reg-Terryville System | Connecticut | 3,992 | 28 | 15% | 20% | — |
| 32 | Watertown Fire District | Connecticut | 5,858 | 27.5 | 20% | 15% | — |
| 33 | Jewett City Water Company | Connecticut | 5,001 | 26.3 | 11% | 23% | — |
| 34 | Avon Water Company | Connecticut | 13,162 | 26.2 | 26% | 9% | — |
| 35 | Wallingford Water Department | Connecticut | 38,446 | 24.8 | 20% | 13% | — |
| 36 | East Lyme Water & Sewer Commission | Connecticut | 13,256 | 21.5 | 18% | 12% | — |
| 37 | Aquarion-Ridgefield | Connecticut | 9,622 | 19.2 | 17% | 11% | — |
| 38 | Portland Water Department | Connecticut | 4,995 | 17.6 | 12% | 15% | — |
| 39 | Ctwc - Shoreline Region-Guilford System | Connecticut | 35,346 | 15.9 | 14% | 12% | — |
| 40 | Southington Water Department | Connecticut | 28,906 | 15.3 | 14% | 11% | — |
| 41 | Berlin Water Control Commission | Connecticut | 4,116 | 14.8 | 14% | 10% | 1 |
How to read this ranking
Each row links to a full utility profile with violation history, lead testing results, and service-area ZIPs. The demographic context columns are from independent data sources (ACS, not EJScreen) and are provided for readers who want to examine equity patterns alongside the operational data.
See the full methodology for calculation details, data vintages, and known limitations.
Frequently asked questions
What does the "equity score" mean?
A 0-100 composite that combines two within-size-class percentile ranks: (1) percent of population served that is non-white (Census ACS B03002), and (2) percent below 200 percent of the Federal Poverty Level (Census ACS C17002). Within-size-class comparison (small, medium, large) is used because small rural systems and large urban systems have structurally different demographic profiles; mixing them in a single ranking produces a methodologically weak list dominated by size rather than disparity.
Why is the list capped at 5 systems per state?
Without a cap, the list concentrates in states with large numbers of historically disadvantaged small-to-medium systems (Texas, California). A geographic diversity cap produces a more nationally-representative snapshot. Per-state rankings, if available, show the full within-state comparison without a cap.
Does this claim discrimination?
No. It reports a demographic fact: these water utilities serve populations that are more non-white and lower-income than the national median, after controlling for system size. Causation — why that pattern exists — is a separate research question requiring different data and methods.
ZipCheckup is an independent public-data tool. We are a referral service and do not provide water testing, remediation, or utility services. Rankings reflect publicly-available federal data and are provided for informational purposes. For issues with your specific water system, contact your local water utility or state drinking water program.