Health Violations Found NC 1 HEALTH VIOLATION

Union County Water System

EPA ID: NC0190413 · 167,554 people served · 14 ZIP codes

Federal data shows 1 unresolved violation at Union County Water System — roughly 167,554 residents in the service area.

Data: EPA SDWIS Last verified: 2026-04-02

B · 79
Avg Safety Score
167,554
People Served
14
ZIP Codes Served
8
Violations (5yr)
Surface Water
Water Source
0.0064 mg/L
Max Lead Level
Zone 3
Radon Risk · Low
4
Contaminants Flagged
$352K
Median Home Value in Service Area

Compliance Trajectory

Worsening · Risk tier: High · 95% chance of violation in next 12 months

Violations went from 3 (2022) to 4 (2025). The pattern suggests growing compliance challenges.

Service Area Map

Coverage area for Union County Water System Source: EPA SDWIS service area boundaries.

Service area boundary — Grade B

Service Area Demographics

$97,117
Median Household Income
465,551
Service Area Population
21%
Disadvantaged Population
36th
Poverty Percentile
36th
Energy Burden Percentile
35%
Pre-1986 Housing

The Union County Water System serves a community with a median household income of $97,117 and an estimated 465,551 residents across its service area.

🌊 Where Does Your Water Come From?

Surface Water

Union County Water System's water is drawn from rivers, lakes, or reservoirs. Surface water sources are more exposed to agricultural runoff, stormwater, and upstream discharges, but they typically receive more intensive treatment before reaching your tap.

Elevated Risk
Source Contamination Risk
21th
Wastewater Discharge Proximity
45th
Superfund Site Proximity

About 1% of homes in Union County, North Carolina rely on private wells rather than public water systems. Private well owners are responsible for their own water testing and treatment.

Infrastructure Risk

35 yr
Avg Pipe Age
Copper
Pipe Material
33 yr
Est. Remaining Life
Moderate Wear
Decay Status
Installed 51% of expected lifespan used End of life

Detected Contaminants

How Union County Water System compares to EPA limits

Total Trihalomethanes (TTHM) 2 mg/L (EXCEEDS LIMIT)
0 EPA Limit: 0.08 mg/L
Bladder & rectal cancer risk; reproductive concerns

What This Means For You

Total Trihalomethanes (TTHM) at 2 mg/L exceeds the EPA maximum of 0.08 mg/L. Bladder & rectal cancer risk; reproductive concerns. Consider granular activated carbon (GAC) filtration.

Stage 1 DBP Rule at 2 mg/L exceeds the EPA maximum of mg/L.

Surface Water Treatment Rule at 2 mg/L exceeds the EPA maximum of mg/L.

Consumer Confidence Report Rule at 2 mg/L exceeds the EPA maximum of mg/L.

PFAS Detected in Service Area

PFAS ("forever chemicals") have been detected in water serving this system's area. 64 detections recorded. 20 exceed federal EPA limits (4 ppt for PFOA/PFOS).

State limits: HFPO-DA: 0.01 ppt
Health concern: PFAS are linked to cancer, thyroid disease, immune suppression, and developmental effects. They do not break down naturally.
Recommended filter: Reverse osmosis (RO) or activated carbon filters certified for PFAS removal. Find the right filter →

Total Trihalomethanes (TTHM) was detected in this water system. granular activated carbon (GAC) filtration can reduce exposure.

Find a certified water filter →

Comparable Water Systems

Similar-sized systems in North Carolina

City of Asheville
157,431 people
F 25 violations
B 19 violations
Davidson Water Inc.
153,632 people
A 2 violations
C 8 violations
Cfpua-wilmington
198,740 people
A 17 violations

Estimated Remediation Costs

Average estimated costs across ZIP codes served by this system

Flood Insurance PFAS Treatment Lead Pipe Replacement Water Filtration Radon Mitigation
Flood Insurance $986
PFAS Treatment $579
Lead Pipe Replacement $257
Water Filtration $193
Radon Mitigation $171
Total Estimated Cost $2,186

Based on national averages for common remediation projects. Actual costs vary by property. Only issues flagged by EPA, FEMA, or state data for each ZIP code are included.

Cost of Inaction

If water quality issues in this service area are not addressed, the estimated financial impact per household is:

Estimated Healthcare Costs $1,000

Annual per household (CDC est.)

PFAS Exposure — Lifetime Cost $1,000

Per person (emerging research est.)

Estimated Cumulative Cost Per Household

5 years
$5,165
10 years
$10,330
20 years
$20,660

Compare: Estimated remediation cost is $2,186 (one-time) vs. $10,330 in estimated inaction costs over 10 years.

Estimates based on published EPA, CDC, and peer-reviewed research. Individual costs vary by household size, property, and health factors. These are conservative lower-bound estimates intended for awareness, not financial advice.

System Overview

Union County Water System (EPA ID: NC0190413) is a community water system in North Carolina that serves approximately 167,554 people from surface water sources.

This system provides water to 14 ZIP codes across 9 communities.

Average Home Safety Score: B (79/100)

Based on water quality violations, lead levels, and radon risk across all ZIP codes served by this system.

Violation History

1 health-based violation recorded in the past 5 years. 1 remains unresolved.

Recent Violations

Date Contaminant Type Status
August 1, 2025 Consumer Confidence Report Rule Health-based Resolved
April 11, 2025 Consumer Confidence Report Rule Monitoring Resolved
January 1, 2025 Stage 1 DBP Rule Monitoring Unresolved
July 1, 2024 Surface Water Treatment Rule Monitoring Resolved
July 1, 2024 Total Trihalomethanes (TTHM) Monitoring Resolved

Contaminants Detected

The following contaminants have been flagged in EPA records for this water system:

Contaminant Category Violations Health-Based
Total Trihalomethanes (TTHM) Disinfection Byproducts 2 No
Stage 1 DBP Rule Treatment Failure 2 No
Surface Water Treatment Rule Treatment Failure 2 No
Consumer Confidence Report Rule Reporting Failure 2 Yes

Lead & Copper

EPA Lead and Copper Rule sampling data for ZIP codes served by this system:

ZIP Code Lead Level Exceeds Limit Sample Date
28110 0.0064 mg/L No N/A
28111 0.0064 mg/L No N/A
28112 0.0064 mg/L No N/A

Radon Risk in Service Area

Dominant radon zone for ZIP codes served by this system: Zone 3 (Low Risk)

Need help with your water quality?

Typical cost: Water test: typically $20–$50 (DIY kit) · Professional inspection: $150–$400

Find the Right Water Filter

Free tip: Let cold water run for 2 minutes before drinking — this helps flush lead from your pipes.

ZIP Codes Served

Coverage: 13 ZIP codes confirmed via EPA Community Water System Service Area Boundaries v3 plus 1 additional ZIP inferred from SDWIS registry data. The EPA-confirmed set is the most reliable; SDWIS-inferred entries may be narrower than the real deployment area.

Data Sources

This report uses public data from the EPA Safe Drinking Water Information System (SDWIS). View the full compliance record for Union County Water System (NC0190413) on EPA.gov.

Frequently Asked Questions

Is Union County Water System water safe to drink?

Union County Water System has recorded 1 health-based violation in the past 5 years. While the system is required to treat water to meet federal standards, you may want to consider additional precautions such as a certified water filter.

How many people does Union County Water System serve?

Union County Water System serves approximately 167,554 people across 14 ZIP codes in North Carolina.

Where does Union County Water System get its water?

The primary water source is surface water.

Contact Your Water Utility

Public-record contact information for the water utility serving this system. Use these channels to request water quality reports, ask about service, or report issues directly.

Phone
704-289-7044
ZipCheckup is not affiliated with this water utility, does not act as its agent, and does not provide customer support for it. Contact details shown are public-record information from CCR filings. For service issues, contact the utility directly using the information above.

Contact information from Union County Water System Consumer Confidence Report.

ZipCheckup is not affiliated with this water utility, does not act as its agent, and does not provide customer support for it. Contact details shown are public-record information from CCR filings. For service issues, contact the utility directly using the information above.

Water Source & Treatment

Where this water originates and how it's treated before reaching your tap.

Source
Surface water
Drawn from rivers, lakes, or reservoirs.
Disinfectant used
Chloramines
Treatment chemicals reported
chlorine dioxidealuminum sulfatepolymercarbonchloraminescaustic sodafluorideortho-phosphate

Source: Union County Water System Consumer Confidence Report.

ZipCheckup is not affiliated with this water utility. Treatment and source data are sourced from the utility's published CCR filings.

Source water assessment from Union County Water System Consumer Confidence Report:
The relative susceptibility rating of each source for Union County was determined by combining the contaminant rating and the inherent vulnerability rating. The assessment findings are summarized in the table below: Susceptibility of Sources to Potential Contaminant Sources (PCSs) Source Name Susceptibility Rating SWAP Report Date Pee Dee River Moderate September 2020 Catawba River Moderate Originally 2003

Treatment regime

How this utility classifies its treatment process and what each reported treatment chemical does.

Treatment classification
Multi-stage
Multiple treatment stages — typically coagulation, filtration, and disinfection. Common for surface-water systems requiring removal of particulates, microorganisms, and dissolved organic compounds before disinfection.

Treatment chemicals and what each one does

Chemical names are reported verbatim by the utility. Purpose categories are ZipCheckup annotations based on standard drinking-water treatment practice.

Disinfectant
Inactivates bacteria, viruses, and parasites in the treated water.
chlorine dioxidechloramines
pH adjustment
Raises or lowers water acidity to protect pipes and improve treatment performance.
caustic soda
Coagulant
Causes suspended particles to clump together so they can be removed by filtration.
aluminum sulfatepolymer
Fluoridation
Added at low levels per state or local public-health policy for dental health.
fluoride
Other reported chemicals
Reported by the utility but not in our annotation dictionary.
carbonortho-phosphate

Treatment classification and chemical list sourced from Union County Water System Consumer Confidence Report.

Treatment intensity is a ZipCheckup-derived classification based on the chemicals and processes the utility reports. Chemicals and contamination sources are taken verbatim from the utility's CCR filing. Routine federal monitoring and contaminant testing shown elsewhere on this page determine whether the water meets safety standards, not the treatment classification.

Federal UCMR5 PFAS Monitoring: Detected

This water system was tested under the federal EPA Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule (UCMR5). PFAS compounds were detected below the current state-enforceable MCL.

Samples collected
232
Detections
19
Latest sample
10/4/2023
Highest analyte
PFPeA: 10 ppt
Analyte Max detected Current MCL Status
PFPeA 10 ppt
PFHxA 7.4 ppt
PFBA 6.5 ppt
PFOS 4.9 ppt 10 ppt Above 2029 federal MCL
PFOA 4.2 ppt 10 ppt Above 2029 federal MCL

Current MCL reflects the lowest state-enforceable limit (NYS 10 ppt for PFOA/PFOS, effective August 2020). The federal final MCL of 4 ppt for PFOA/PFOS (EPA April 2024 rule) is not enforceable until April 2029. Detections above 4 ppt but below 10 ppt are below current MCL but above the future federal limit.

Source: U.S. EPA UCMR5 (Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule, 5th cycle) — per-system federal sampling, 2023–2025. EPA UCMR5 monitoring program →

Understand PFAS health context and filtration →

PFAS Substances Detected in This System

This water system's Consumer Confidence Report disclosed the following PFAS compounds. Levels are from the utility's most recent reporting cycle.

Substance Detected level EPA limit Status
PFOA
Perfluorooctanoic acid
EPA-regulated (2024 NPDWR)
3.2 ppt 4 ppt Below EPA limit
PFOS
Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid
EPA-regulated (2024 NPDWR)
1.9 ppt 4 ppt Below EPA limit

In April 2024, EPA finalized the first National Primary Drinking Water Regulation for six PFAS. Public water systems have until 2029 to comply. EPA — PFAS regulation overview →

Source: Consumer Confidence Report disclosed by Union County Water System.

ZipCheckup is not affiliated with this water utility. PFAS detection data is sourced from public Consumer Confidence Reports filed by the utility itself.

Learn more about PFAS health effects and filtration →

Lead Service Line Inventory

Service line breakdown reported under the federal Lead and Copper Rule Improvements (LCRI) inventory requirement:

0
Confirmed Lead
0
Galvanized — Replacement Required
0
Unknown Material
62,976
Confirmed Non-Lead

This system reports zero confirmed lead service lines in its inventory. Unknown-material counts may still warrant verification.

Federal LCRI rule (effective October 2024) requires every public water system to inventory its service lines and complete lead-line replacement within 10 years.

Federal Regulatory Status · 2026Q1
LCRR inventory submission: Reported all required service line types
Latest tap sample on 2025-07-01 did not exceed the federal lead action level.
Population served: 167,554
Reported to North Carolina

Source: EPA SDWIS Federal Service Line Inventory (Phase 2) · Submitted 2026

ZipCheckup is not affiliated with the utility or state agency. Inventory figures render verbatim from the public LCRI submission cited above; ZipCheckup does not perform inspections or replacements.

Learn about lead in drinking water →

Aesthetic water quality

These measurements describe the look, taste, and feel of the water this utility delivers. They are not contaminant violations — they sit alongside federal Secondary Maximum Contaminant Levels (SMCLs) which the EPA publishes as non-enforceable guidance.

pH
7.26
How acidic or basic the water is on a 0-14 scale. Drinking water is typically near neutral.
EPA secondary range: 6.5 – 8.5
Fluoride
0.62 ppm
Utility adds fluoride
Measured fluoride concentration in parts per million.
EPA secondary MCL: 2.0 ppm
Alkalinity
32 ppm CaCO₃
Capacity of the water to neutralize acids, expressed as calcium carbonate equivalent.
Total dissolved solids
218 ppm
Mineral content remaining after evaporation, including calcium, magnesium, sodium, and other dissolved substances.
EPA secondary MCL: 500 ppm

Aesthetic measurements from Union County Water System Consumer Confidence Report.

Aesthetic measurements are reported by the utility from its annual sampling. EPA Secondary MCLs are advisory thresholds — values outside them indicate aesthetic concerns such as taste or appearance, not health violations. Federal contaminant testing is shown in the sections above.

Notable events and violations

This section summarizes events the utility chose to disclose in its most recent Consumer Confidence Report, plus any federal compliance violations the utility recorded against itself. Both lists are utility-authored — ZipCheckup does not audit, judge, or reorder them.

Federal compliance violations on record

These entries are taken verbatim from the utility's CCR violations section. EPA defines four broad violation categories: Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL), Treatment Technique (TT), Monitoring & Reporting (M&R), and Public Notification (PN).

  • monitoring · SOCs
    1/1/2020 – 12/31/2022
    Monitoring violation for SOCs for the sampling period of 1/1/2020 – 12/31/2022, public notices for this violation were sent out on 6/27/2023.
  • monitoring · DBPs
    10-1-22 through 12-31-22
    Disinfectant Byproducts Monitoring and Reporting Violation for the Compliance periods of 10-1-22 through 12-31-22.
  • monitoring · DBPs
    7-1/23 through 9-30/23
    Disinfectant Byproducts Monitoring and Reporting Violation for the sampling period of 7-1/23 through 9-30/23.

Violations record from Union County Water System Consumer Confidence Report.

ZipCheckup note: items above reflect what the utility published in its most recent CCR. Federal violation records are also tracked separately by the EPA Safe Drinking Water Information System (SDWIS) — the SDWIS record is the authoritative federal source for any specific regulatory action.

Frequently Asked Questions

Is water from Union County Water System safe to drink?
Union County Water System earns a B safety grade with 8 violations in the past 5 years. Tap water meets EPA standards for most contaminants.
What contaminants are in Union County Water System's water?
Detected contaminants include Total Trihalomethanes (TTHM), Stage 1 DBP Rule, Surface Water Treatment Rule, Consumer Confidence Report Rule. Each is compared against EPA maximum contaminant levels (MCLs) in the detailed breakdown above.
Should I use a water filter?
Given 4 contaminants above EPA limits, a certified water filter can provide an extra layer of protection. The best type depends on specific contaminants in your water.
How many people does Union County Water System serve?
Union County Water System serves approximately 167,554 people with drinking water across 14 ZIP codes.
What is Union County Water System's water source?
Union County Water System draws water from surface water sources. Source type affects which contaminants are most likely to be present.
Is there lead in Union County Water System's water?
The maximum detected lead level is 0.0064 mg/L. This is within EPA action level guidelines.
What is the demographic profile of Union County Water System's service area?
The Union County Water System service area has a median household income of $97,117. Demographic data is sourced from the U.S. Census Bureau and EPA EJScreen.
Where does Union County Water System get its water?
Union County Water System's water is drawn from rivers, lakes, or reservoirs. Surface water sources are more exposed to agricultural runoff, stormwater, and upstream discharges, but they typically receive more intensive treatment before reaching your tap. Based on violation history and environmental factors, the source contamination risk is currently elevated.

What You Can Do

1

Test your water

Home test kits can detect lead, bacteria, and other contaminants at your tap. Find the right filter →

2

Check your specific ZIP code

Water quality can vary within a system. View nearest ZIP report →

3

Contact your utility

Union County Water System (EPA ID: NC0190413) — request the latest Consumer Confidence Report or ask about specific contaminants.

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