Clayton, NC (27528): PFAS Detected — 85/100 (2026)
EPA data for Clayton, Town of
Across 27528 in Clayton, NC, federal data logs 4 total violations — every one falls outside the health-based tier, pointing to procedural or monitoring shortfalls rather than contaminant levels above EPA safety thresholds.
Data source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) SDWIS Last verified: April 2, 2026
Key Findings
3 other areas checked — no concerns found.
At a Glance
- Water EPA records show 4 violations (non-health) on the water system serving this ZIP (5-year window).
- PFAS PFAS detected below MCL in UCMR5 sampling.
- Radon EPA Zone 3 — low predicted indoor radon (below 2 pCi/L).
What’s Happening in Clayton, North Carolina
PFAS (forever chemicals) have been detected in the local water supply.
What's Happening
improvingGrade changed to A
Updated 2026-06-03 · Based on EPA and public utility data
Install a PFAS-rated water filter
PFAS (forever chemicals) have been detected in water systems serving this ZIP code. These synthetic chemicals do not break down and may accumulate in the body over time.
Recommended Buyer Guides for This ZIP
Independent guides — grounded in EPA, NSF, FEMA, and CDC standards. Matched to risks detected in your area.
- Best Water Filters for PFAS — PFAS detected in supply
- Best Under-Sink Reverse Osmosis Systems — Multi-contaminant removal
This Summer — what to check
Season-specific maintenance for home safety. Universal tasks — apply everywhere unless noted.
-
Water Heater
Flush sediment (1–2×/year). Cuts energy use and prevents bacterial growth in low-use hot-water pockets.
Source: DOE -
Wildfire & Smoke
Clear leaves and debris from gutters and the 30-ft home-ignition zone. Replace HVAC filters with MERV 13+.
Source: Firewise -
HVAC Filter
Peak AC run. Replace filters monthly during high pollen / wildfire-smoke days; standard interval otherwise.
Source: EPA IAQ
Get notified when water quality changes in your area
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How Clayton Compares
Safety Score vs. Johnston County and North Carolina averages
| Metric | Clayton | Johnston County | North Carolina |
|---|---|---|---|
| Safety Score | 85 | 82 | 73 |
| EPA Violations (total) | 4 | 7 | 11.8 |
County and state averages computed from 41,344 ZIP codes. Data: EPA SDWIS.
See incorrect data? Let us know
The elevated-risk portion of the monitoring record for Clayton (27528) consists entirely of high-priority findings — 1 in total, with critical-level classifications absent across every tracked category.
🔍Key Insights for Clayton 27528
Derived from EPA, Census, FEMA, and EIA data — exclusive to ZipCheckup
Score Breakdown
How your Home Safety Score of 80 is calculated.
Score has been stable — no change in the last 90 days.
Safety & Health (9) HIGH
Compliance Alerts for 27528
1 issue flagged based on EPA data, state regulations, and housing age estimates.
Estimates based on EPA data, U.S. Census ACS housing vintage, and state regulations. Individual homes may vary.
Compliance Risk Forecast
Probability of future drinking water violations based on historical patterns, enforcement trends, and system size.
95% probability of new violation within 2 years
Based on 4.59 events/year rate. Model uses Poisson distribution with trend and system-size adjustments.
Service Disruption Risk
Moderate15% estimated probability of a boil water advisory or service interruption in the next 90 days.
Based on infrastructure age, EPA violation history, flood exposure, and seasonal patterns.
Estimates based on EPA enforcement data, U.S. Census ACS housing vintage, and FEMA flood claims. Not a guarantee of disruption.
Your Water System
ZIP code 27528 in Clayton, North Carolina is served by Clayton, Town of (EPA ID: NC0351020). This system provides water to approximately 29,689 people from surface water sources.
There are 5 community water systems serving this area.
Home Safety Score: A (85/100)
Based on water quality violations, lead levels, and radon risk in your area. This score is better than 87% of ZIP codes nationally and 78% in North Carolina.
| Factor | Status | Details |
|---|---|---|
| Water Quality | warning | 4 violations, 0 health-based |
| Lead in Water | unknown | No sampling data available |
| Radon Risk | Low | Zone 3 |
| Gas Safety | low | 0 incidents, score 0/100 |
| Wildfire Smoke | very low | score 7/100, 0 county fires (5yr) |
| Earthquake Risk | Very Low | score 2.5/50 |
| Superfund NPL | Low | nearest 17.4 mi (North Carolina State University (Lot 86, Farm Unit #1)), 0 sites within 10 km |
Lead & Copper in Your Water
No Lead & Copper Rule sampling data available for systems serving this ZIP code.
Radon Risk
Radon Zone 3 — Low potential (Johnston County)
Lower radon potential for this area, but testing is still recommended for individual homes. Zone 3 indicates a predicted average indoor radon screening level below 2 pCi/L. Actual levels can vary based on home construction and geology.
CO & Gas Safety
Gas Distribution Risk: Low (score: 0/100)
No gas distribution incidents recorded in this county since 2004.
The CPSC recommends CO detectors on every level of your home. Have gas appliances inspected annually by a licensed technician.
Wildfire & Smoke Risk
Smoke Risk: Very Low (score: 7/100)
No wildfires recorded in this county over the past 5 years. Nearest recent wildfire: 127 km (79 miles).
Monitor air quality at AirNow.gov during fire season (June–November). A HEPA air purifier can reduce indoor PM2.5 by up to 80% during smoke events.
Earthquake & Seismic Risk
Risk Rating: Very Low (score: 2.5/50)
| Metric | Value |
|---|---|
| Risk Score | 2.5 |
| Risk Rating | Very Low |
| Annual Frequency | < 0.001 damaging events/yr |
| Expected Annual Loss | $95K (Very Low) |
Monitor seismic activity at the USGS Earthquake Map. Secure heavy furniture, maintain an emergency kit, and know your gas shutoff location.
Superfund Site Proximity
Proximity Risk: Low (score: 20/100)
Nearest NPL site: North Carolina State University (Lot 86, Farm Unit #1) at 17.4 miles (28 km).
| Radius | NPL Sites |
|---|---|
| Within 5 km (3.1 mi) | 0 |
| Within 10 km (6.2 mi) | 0 |
| Within 25 km (15.5 mi) | 0 |
Nearest NPL Sites
- North Carolina State University (Lot 86, Farm Unit #1) — 17.4 mi (Construction Complete), listed 06/10/1986
Search nearby sites at the EPA Superfund Site Search. If you garden or use well water near an NPL site, consider soil and water testing.
Violation Summary
Recent Violations
| Date | Contaminant | Type | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| March 1, 2025 | Consumer Confidence Report Rule | Monitoring | Resolved |
| March 1, 2025 | Revised Total Coliform Rule | Monitoring | Resolved |
| January 1, 2024 | Total Trihalomethanes (TTHM) | Monitoring | Unresolved |
Contaminants Detected
The following contaminants have been flagged in EPA records for water systems serving this ZIP code:
| Contaminant | Category | Violations | Health-Based |
|---|---|---|---|
| Stage 1 DBP Rule | Treatment Technique | 1 | No |
| Total Trihalomethanes (TTHM) | Disinfection Byproducts | 1 | No |
| Consumer Confidence Report Rule | Reporting | 1 | No |
| Revised Total Coliform Rule | Microbiological | 1 | No |
PFAS Contamination
PFAS detected: PFOA, PFOS, PFPeA, PFHxA, PFBS.
Highest measured level: 0.0082 µg/L across all detected compounds.
PFAS (per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances) are a group of synthetic chemicals that do not break down in the environment or the human body. Long-term exposure has been linked to immune system effects, hormone disruption, and increased cancer risk.
Recommended filtration: Reverse osmosis (RO) or activated carbon block filters certified NSF/ANSI 58 or NSF/ANSI 53 are the most effective at reducing PFAS in drinking water.
Learn more about PFAS in drinking water →
Energy Costs in NC
Residential electricity rate: 13.68¢/kWh — 20% below the national average (17.0¢/kWh).
Lower electricity rates in North Carolina make electric appliances and heat pumps a cost-effective choice compared to other states.
Energy Sources
North Carolina generates 13.5% of its electricity from renewable sources — 13% below the national average of 26.9%. Including nuclear, 45.3% of the state's power is carbon-free (EIA 2025).
| Source | Share |
|---|---|
| Natural gas | 40% |
| Nuclear | 31.8% |
| Coal | 13.2% |
| Solar | 9.4% |
| Hydroelectric | 3.4% |
| Wind | 0.7% |
Need help with your water quality?
Typical cost: Water test: typically $20–$50 (DIY kit) · Professional inspection: $150–$400
Find the Right Water FilterFree tip: Let cold water run for 2 minutes before drinking — this helps flush lead from your pipes.
Water Systems Serving This Area
| System Name | EPA ID | Population | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Clayton, Town of | NC0351020 | 29,689 | Surface water |
| Flowers Plantation | NC0351195 | 11,643 | Surface water |
| Town of Clayton - North | NC4051019 | 4,523 | Surface water |
| Winston Pointe S/d | NC4051012 | 1,326 | Surface water |
| Southhills Southwoods Sd | NC0351168 | 716 | Groundwater |
What You Can Do
- Review your annual Consumer Confidence Report (CCR) — Your utility publishes this each July
- Test your home's water — Especially if you have older plumbing (pre-1986) that may contain lead
- Stay informed — Bookmark this page to check for updates on your water quality
Need help with water testing or filtration?
Typical cost: Water test: typically $20–$50 (DIY kit) · Professional inspection: $150–$400
Find the Right Water FilterFree tip: Let cold water run for 2 minutes before drinking — this helps flush lead from your pipes.
Other Water Quality Reports in North Carolina
- 27006 (Advance)
- 27007 (Ararat)
- 27009 (Belews Creek)
- 27010 (Bethania)
- 27011 (Boonville) — 5 violations
- 27012 (Clemmons) — 14 violations
- 27013 (Cleveland) — 22 violations
- 27014 (Cooleemee)
- 27016 (Danbury)
- 27017 (Dobson) — 4 violations
- 27018 (East Bend) — 5 violations
- 27019 (Germanton) — 11 violations
- 27020 (Hamptonville)
- 27021 (King) — 3 violations
- 27022 (Lawsonville)
- 27023 (Lewisville)
- 27024 (Lowgap)
- 27025 (Madison) — 17 violations
- 27027 (Mayodan) — 3 violations
- 27028 (Mocksville) — 15 violations
Nearby Water Quality Reports
- 27520 (Clayton) — 2 mi — 4 violations
- 27527 (Clayton) — 4 mi — 4 violations
- 27593 (Wilsons Mills) — 7 mi
- 27529 (Garner) — 8 mi — 29 violations
- 27545 (Knightdale) — 9 mi — 18 violations
- 27591 (Wendell) — 11 mi — 12 violations
- 27610 (Raleigh) — 11 mi — 78 violations
- 27603 (Raleigh) — 12 mi — 78 violations
- 27577 (Smithfield) — 12 mi — 6 violations
- 27629 (Raleigh) — 12 mi — 78 violations
Data Sources
This report uses public data from the EPA Safe Drinking Water Information System (SDWIS). View the full compliance record for Clayton, Town of (NC0351020) on EPA.gov.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is the tap water in 27528 safe to drink?
Based on EPA records, the water system serving ZIP code 27528 has only monitoring/reporting violations, which are procedural in nature. However, individual home conditions (old pipes, well water) can affect quality.
Where does 27528's water come from?
The primary water source for this area is surface water. Clayton, Town of serves approximately 29,689 people.
How can I get my water tested?
Contact your local water utility for a free water quality report, or hire a certified lab for independent home water testing. The EPA recommends testing annually if you use a private well.
Does 27528 have lead in the water?
No Lead and Copper Rule sampling data is currently available in EPA records for water systems serving ZIP code 27528. If you are concerned about lead, contact your water utility or have your tap water independently tested.
What is the radon risk in 27528?
ZIP code 27528 (Johnston County) falls in EPA Radon Zone 3, indicating low radon potential. Zone 3 areas have lower radon potential, though individual homes can still have elevated radon levels depending on construction and local geology. Testing is still recommended.
USGS reports that 5 of the top compounds applied across the surrounding county are flagged by the EPA for drinking-water monitoring — see the agricultural pesticide-use section
North Carolina Water Quality Overview
The state enforces stricter limits than federal EPA minimums for 1 contaminant. ZipCheckup analyzes lab results from 2,489 water systems across North Carolina, covering 16 contaminants from 2 data sources. The most frequently tested contaminants include Lead (Pb 90th %ile), NEtFOSAA, NMeFOSAA. Overall, North Carolina earns a water quality grade of B (average score: 73/100) across 1,085 ZIP codes. 65% of tested systems have at least one EPA violation on record. If you live in North Carolina, review the contaminant table above for your specific water system — state averages may not reflect local conditions.
Score History
Tracking since 2026-03-18 · 54 data points
Safety Score Timeline
Environmental Incidents
Enforcement Actions
Understanding EPA Enforcement
- MCL Violation — Contaminant exceeded the Maximum Contaminant Level set by EPA
- Treatment Technique (TT) — Water system failed to follow required treatment methods
- Formal Enforcement — EPA or state issued a legal order (administrative order, court action, or compliance order)
- Resolved — The water system returned to compliance
Source: EPA Enforcement and Compliance History Online (ECHO). Data from the Safe Drinking Water Information System (SDWIS). Updated quarterly.
PFAS Contamination Detected
PFAS ("forever chemicals") have been detected in water systems serving ZIP code 27528.
Detected compounds: PFOA, PFOS, PFPeA, PFHxA, PFBS.
Highest measured level: 0.0082 µg/L
Reverse osmosis (RO) and activated carbon block filters certified NSF/ANSI 58 or NSF/ANSI 53 are the most effective at reducing PFAS levels at the tap.
Health Risks from Detected Contaminants
Total Trihalomethanes (TTHM)
High RiskEPA limit: 0.08 mg/L
Bladder & rectal cancer risk; reproductive concerns
At-risk groups: pregnant women, long-term consumers of chlorinated water, people who frequently shower in chlorinated water
Removal: granular activated carbon (GAC), carbon block filter, point-of-entry aeration · Find a filter →
Consumer Confidence Report
2017 ReportAnnual water quality report published by Town of Clayton for ZIP code 27528.
Key Contaminants
| Contaminant | Level | MCL | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Chloramines | 2.18 ppm | 4 ppm | Within Limit |
| Haloacetic Acids [HAA] | 39.2 ppb | 60 ppb | Within Limit |
| Simazine | 200 ppb | 4 ppb | Exceeds MCL |
| TTHMs [Total Trihalomethanes] | 46.7 ppb | 80 ppb | Within Limit |
| Turbidity (lowest monthly percent of samples meeting limit) | 100 percent | 95 percent | Within Limit |
Lead & Copper Rule Results
What Is a Consumer Confidence Report?
Every community water system in the U.S. is required by the EPA to publish an annual Consumer Confidence Report (CCR), also known as a Water Quality Report. It lists all detected contaminants, their levels compared to federal limits (MCLs), and information about where your water comes from.
How to Read Your CCR
- MCL (Maximum Contaminant Level) — the highest level of a contaminant allowed in drinking water
- MCLG (Maximum Contaminant Level Goal) — the level below which there is no known health risk
- Action Level — used for lead and copper; triggers treatment if exceeded at the 90th percentile
- A violation means detected levels exceeded the MCL — your utility must notify you and take corrective action
Based on your water data
Removes chlorine taste and disinfection byproducts. Addresses Chlorine detected in your water.
View details →No installation needed — removes 99%+ contaminants. View details →
Product links are affiliate links — we may earn a commission at no extra cost to you. Recommendations are based on NSF certifications and EPA contaminant data, not advertiser influence. See our disclosure.
Childhood Environmental Risk Score — 27528
High RiskThis ZIP's score is higher than 76% of U.S. ZIP codes and 82% of those in North Carolina — a relative ranking, not a verdict on any home.
Risk Factor Breakdown
Water system violation history is the largest contributor to this ZIP's score. A pattern of violations can signal recurring quality issues worth monitoring, and reviewing a system's recent record helps families know what to ask about.
- Children under 6 are most vulnerable to lead exposure — there is no safe level of lead in blood
- Test your home's drinking water, especially if your home was built before 1986
- Consider a certified water filter (NSF/ANSI 53 for lead removal) for drinking and cooking water
- Ask your pediatrician about blood lead level testing at well-child visits
What families can do
Here are calm, practical steps families in this ZIP can consider — informational guidance, not cause for alarm.
- Ask your pediatrician whether a blood lead test is appropriate at a child's next well-child visit.
Know a family in 27528? A free 30-second ZIP check shows them the same lead, water, and housing data.
Lead Pipe Replacement Funding for North Carolina
Key LCRI Deadlines
What This Means for You
- If your home was built before 1986, it may have lead service lines
- Your water utility is required to inventory and replace lead lines at no cost to you
- Contact your water utility to check if your address is in their inventory
Source: EPA DWSRF Lead Service Line Replacement Program, FY2025 Allotment Memorandum.
Active Alerts in North Carolina
0 active weather alerts in North Carolina. Severe weather can affect your water quality and home safety.
View alerts for North Carolina →
Environmental Hazards (8) MODERATE
Air Quality for 27528
Air quality is satisfactory, and air pollution poses little or no risk. Enjoy outdoor activities.
Termite Risk for 27528
Heavy Termite ZoneRequired for VA/FHA loans statewide; NC WDI report commonly required for conventional loans
VA/FHA loan will not close without clear NPMA-33 form; NC structural pest control regulations apply
Termite Damage in the U.S.
- Termites cause an estimated $5 billion in property damage annually in the United States, according to the USDA.
- Standard termite treatment costs $225–$2,500; fumigation for severe infestations: $2,000–$8,000.
- Homeowner insurance typically does not cover termite damage, as it is considered preventable.
What Homeowners Should Know
- Annual termite inspections are recommended in moderate-to-heavy risk zones. Early detection can prevent thousands in repair costs.
- VA and FHA loans require a clear NPMA-33 (Wood Destroying Insect Inspection Report) for closing in most states.
- Warning signs: mud tubes on foundation walls, hollow-sounding wood, discarded wings near windows, and frass (droppings) near baseboards.
- Preventive treatment ($200–$900 per year) is far less expensive than structural damage repair, which averages $3,000 and can exceed $50,000.
- North Carolina falls in a heavy termite infestation probability (TIP) zone. Subterranean termites are the primary concern, with Formosan subterranean termites also present in this region.
Source: USDA Forest Service Termite Infestation Probability (TIP) zones, VA/FHA lender requirements, North Carolina pest control regulations. Inspection cost estimates reflect typical market rates and may vary by provider, property size, and location. This information is for general guidance only.
Pest Risk for 27528
High Pest Pressuretermites, mosquitoes, ticks, fire ants and cockroaches
- West Nile activity zone
- Lone Star tick endemic area
Required for VA loans in all states; state-mandated WDI report required for most residential sales
Up to $5,000 per violation
Why This Matters
- Health risks: Mosquitoes transmit West Nile virus (1,000+ U.S. cases annually). Ticks spread Lyme disease (estimated 476,000 cases/year per CDC). Rodent droppings can carry hantavirus.
- Property damage: Carpenter ants and termites cause billions in structural damage annually. Rodents gnaw wiring, creating fire hazards.
- Food safety: Cockroaches and rodents contaminate food preparation areas and can trigger allergies and asthma, especially in children.
- North Carolina's climate creates year-round pest pressure. Regular professional inspections and preventive treatment are strongly recommended.
Common Questions
Source: CDC vector-borne disease surveillance, EPA pesticide regulation data, North Carolina pest control board, NPMA pest prevalence maps. Inspection cost estimates reflect typical market rates and may vary by provider, property size, and location. This information is for general guidance only.
Wildfire & Smoke Risk Profile
Wildfire Smoke Safety Tips
- Air purifier with HEPA filter: run in the room where you spend the most time. Close windows and doors during smoke events.
- N95 or KN95 masks: standard cloth and surgical masks do not filter fine particulate matter (PM2.5) from wildfire smoke.
- Seal gaps: use wet towels or tape around doors and windows to reduce smoke infiltration during poor air quality days.
- Monitor AQI: check AirNow.gov daily during fire season. AQI above 100 = unhealthy for sensitive groups; above 150 = unhealthy for everyone.
- Create a clean room: designate one room with the air purifier running, keep it sealed, and limit time outdoors when AQI is elevated.
Protect Your Indoor Air from Wildfire Smoke
A HEPA air purifier can reduce indoor PM2.5 by up to 80% during smoke events. Portable units for a single room start at $80. Whole-home solutions start at $300.
Product links may earn a commission — see our disclosure.
Earthquake & Seismic Risk Profile
Earthquake Preparedness Tips
- Secure heavy furniture: anchor bookshelves, water heaters, and large appliances to wall studs. Unsecured items cause most earthquake injuries.
- Emergency kit: water (1 gallon per person per day for 3 days), non-perishable food, flashlight, batteries, first aid kit, wrench to turn off gas. Keep kits at home and in your car.
- Know how to shut off gas: locate the gas meter shutoff valve and keep a wrench nearby. Gas leaks are a leading cause of post-earthquake fires.
- Drop, Cover, Hold On: during shaking, drop to hands and knees, take cover under a sturdy table, and hold on. Do not stand in doorways or run outside.
- Structural retrofit: homes built before 1980 may need foundation bolting or cripple wall bracing. FEMA's earthquake resources offer guidance on retrofitting.
- USGS ShakeMap: monitor real-time and recent seismic activity at earthquake.usgs.gov.
Build Your Earthquake Preparedness Kit
FEMA recommends every household in a seismic zone maintain a 72-hour emergency kit. Pre-assembled kits start at $40 and include water, food, first aid, and tools.
Product links may earn a commission — see our disclosure.
Mold Risk Assessment for 27528
Moderate RiskSummer months (June–August) present the highest mold risk in 27528, with average humidity reaching 73%. Indoor humidity can be 10–15% higher in poorly ventilated spaces. Winter humidity drops to 69%, reducing but not eliminating risk.
Why Mold Matters
- The CDC and EPA identify mold as a significant indoor health hazard. Common symptoms include respiratory irritation, allergic reactions, and asthma exacerbation.
- Mold begins growing within 24–48 hours on damp surfaces when relative humidity exceeds 60%. Bathrooms, basements, and crawl spaces are most vulnerable.
- Professional mold remediation costs $1,500–$9,000 on average. Homeowner insurance often excludes mold coverage unless caused by a "covered peril."
- Homes built before 1980 typically lack modern vapor barriers and ventilation systems, increasing moisture infiltration risk.
Prevention Recommendations
- Use a dehumidifier to keep indoor humidity below 50%. This is especially important in basements, crawl spaces, and bathrooms in high-humidity areas like 27528.
- Ensure proper ventilation: use exhaust fans in bathrooms and kitchens, and keep attic and crawl space vents unblocked.
- Fix leaks immediately. Even small plumbing leaks can create mold-favorable conditions within 48 hours.
- Monitor indoor humidity with a hygrometer ($10–$20). Target 30–50% year-round.
With 71% average humidity, a dehumidifier is the most effective way to reduce mold risk in 27528. Energy Star-rated units cost $200–$400 and can reduce humidity by 20–30%.
Respiratory Risk Today
High RiskSuperfund Sites & Soil Contamination Risk
Nearest Superfund (NPL) Sites
| Site Name | Distance | Status | Listed |
|---|---|---|---|
|
North Carolina State University (Lot 86, Farm Unit #1)
Raleigh, North Carolina
|
17.4 mi | Construction Complete | 06/10/1986 |
What Are Superfund NPL Sites?
The National Priorities List (NPL) is the EPA's list of the most contaminated sites in the United States. These sites are eligible for federal cleanup funding under CERCLA (the "Superfund" law). Common contaminants include heavy metals, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), pesticides, and industrial solvents that can leach into soil, groundwater, and air.
- Active Cleanup: EPA is investigating or remediating the site — contamination may still be present.
- Construction Complete: Physical cleanup is done, but long-term monitoring continues.
- Deleted: Site meets EPA cleanup standards and has been removed from the NPL.
Know What's in Your Soil
If you live near a Superfund site, a home soil test kit can detect heavy metals, lead, and other contaminants — especially important if you garden, have children, or use well water.
Product links may earn a commission — see our disclosure.
Agricultural pesticide use in the surrounding county
USGS estimates how many kilograms of agricultural pesticides are applied each year in this ZIP code’s surrounding county, plus the five most-applied compounds. These are county-level use estimates, not a measurement of any pesticide in the tap water served to this ZIP code.
Top compounds by volume
The five compounds applied in the largest amounts across this county. Where the EPA sets a drinking-water reference limit (MCL) for a compound, that limit is shown for context — it is a regulatory reference, not a finding of any concentration in this ZIP code’s water.
-
Moderate water concernGLYPHOSATEHerbicide · 48.3k kg/yr · EPA drinking-water reference limit: 700 ppb
-
Moderate water concern2,4-DHerbicide · 6.6k kg/yr · EPA drinking-water reference limit: 70 ppb
-
Moderate water concernACETOCHLORHerbicide · 5.4k kg/yr
-
Moderate water concernTRIFLURALINHerbicide · 5.3k kg/yr
-
High water concernATRAZINEHerbicide · 5k kg/yr · EPA drinking-water reference limit: 3 ppb
5 of the top compounds are ones the EPA flags for drinking-water monitoring — see the drinking-water section above
What this means
- These figures describe pesticide application across the surrounding county, not the drinking water at this address.
- An EPA Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) is a regulatory reference for how much of a compound is allowed in finished tap water — it is not a finding of contamination at this ZIP code.
- Tested drinking-water results from the local water system — when reported — appear in the drinking-water section of this report.
Methodology: Annual county pesticide-use estimates are from the USGS Pesticide National Synthesis Project, mapped from county FIPS to ZIP code. EPA Maximum Contaminant Levels are reproduced from federal drinking-water regulations and are reference points only.
Informational only. County-level agricultural pesticide-use estimates are not a measurement of any pesticide in the drinking water served by this ZIP code, nor an assessment of health risk. Tested drinking-water results, when reported by the local water system, appear in the drinking-water section above.
Home & Infrastructure (5) OK
Home Buyer Risk Report
An inspection-grade snapshot of public-data risk factors for this ZIP, built to help a buyer decide what to verify before closing.
Public federal data shows few elevated risk factors for this ZIP. A standard home inspection before closing is still an important step.
Seven-factor inspection checklist
Each factor below is scored 0–100 from public federal data. A higher score means the factor is more worth verifying before you buy.
The local water system's recent EPA violation and contaminant history, along with an independent tap-water test, gives more context.
The FEMA flood zone, whether the property has flooded before, and flood-insurance requirements are key points to review.
The EPA recommends testing every home for radon; homes in EPA Radon Zone 1 have the highest potential.
Local air-quality history is useful context; for sensitive occupants, an HVAC system with good filtration helps.
Nearby hazards
No EPA Superfund (National Priorities List) sites recorded within 10 km.
ATSDR public-health assessment for nearby sites: No Apparent Public Health Hazard.
Modeled probability of a local water-service disruption in the next 90 days.
See the 90-day disruption outlookNearest nuclear plant: Shearon Harris, about 28 miles away.
Healthcare access
Hospitals reported by CMS Hospital Compare near this ZIP code, with overall federal quality star ratings where CMS publishes one.
Closest hospitals
-
Not rated by CMSRaleigh Oaks Behavioral HealthPsychiatric · 7.9 mi away
-
CMS 4-star ratingWakemed, Raleigh CampusAcute care · 11.0 mi away · ER
-
Not rated by CMSHolly Hill Mental Health ServicesPsychiatric · 11.0 mi away
Across the rated hospitals within 15 miles, the average CMS overall-quality rating is 4.0 (CMS scale: 1 to 5).
Federal data from CMS Hospital Compare. Distances are straight-line estimates from the ZIP code centroid; ZipCheckup neither ranks nor recommends any hospital.
Inspection-day checklist
Practical items to raise with your inspector, agent, or the seller — tailored to this ZIP's data.
- Hire an independent home inspector for a full walkthrough of the property.
- Read the seller's disclosure and any past inspection or repair records.
- Ask for service records for the HVAC system, water heater, and roof.
What this means
- This report consolidates seven home-purchase risk factors and nearby hazards from public federal data into one place.
- Each flagged item is a recommendation to verify independently — not a finding of a defect.
- An independent home inspection remains an essential step before closing.
Methodology: The report combines the home purchase risk score — a seven-factor composite of public federal data — with EPA Superfund, ATSDR, water-disruption, and NRC nuclear-zone proximity datasets. All figures are modeled estimates.
Informational only. This is a modeled summary of public federal data, not a home inspection, an appraisal, or a prediction of defects. Verify any concern with a qualified inspector before a purchase.
Water Infrastructure Risk
Risk Factor Breakdown
What This Means
ZIP code 27528 has some aging water infrastructure. While not at the highest risk level, periodic water testing is a sensible precaution, particularly if your home was built before 1980.
Infrastructure Decay & Disruption
Water pipe decay
Local water mains are modeled to reach a critical service threshold within about 5 years.
Bridge condition (FHWA NBI)
Bridge figures are from the Federal Highway Administration's National Bridge Inventory. They describe area-level structural ratings, not the safety of any specific bridge.
Bridge condition — FHWA NBI 2024 annual release
Of 318 bridges classified within this ZIP code's surrounding county, 14 are classified Poor by FHWA NBI 2024.
Good (134) · Fair (170) · Poor (14)
FHWA classifies bridges as Good (rating 7-9), Fair (5-6), or Poor (0-4) based on biennial inspections of deck, superstructure, substructure, and culvert components.
Counts are county-level aggregated; multiple ZIP codes within the same county share these counts. No per-bridge or per-structure-ID claim is made.
Source: FHWA National Bridge Inventory, 2024 annual release.
Gas pipeline incident history
PHMSA records no reported gas-distribution pipeline incidents on file for this area.
Source: U.S. Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA) historical incident data.
This is the modeled probability of a boil-water advisory or water-service interruption in the next 90 days.
See the full service-disruption breakdown →What this means
- This score blends four public federal datasets — water-pipe decay, bridge condition, gas-pipeline incident history, and a 90-day disruption estimate — into one area-level measure of infrastructure stress.
- It describes the infrastructure around a home, not the condition of the home itself, and it is a modeled estimate rather than an engineering assessment.
- Aging water mains raise the chance of breaks and service interruptions; a plumber can inspect a home's own supply line and shut-off valve.
Methodology: Water-pipe decay is modeled with an exponential-decay bathtub curve from Census ACS housing age, EPA ECHO compliance records, and EPA infrastructure-needs data. Bridge condition is from the FHWA National Bridge Inventory; gas-pipeline incidents from PHMSA; the 90-day disruption estimate from EPA and FEMA data. The stress score is a weighted composite of these four signals.
All figures are modeled estimates from public federal data. They are not engineering assessments, predictions of failure, or a judgment about any specific structure or utility.
Septic System Requirements in North Carolina
✓ No Statewide MandateNo statewide requirement to inspect at sale, but if an inspection is performed, it must follow state standards.
Inspections not meeting state standards are invalid. Failed systems may require improvement permit.
What Homeowners Should Know
- Approximately 1 in 5 U.S. households relies on a septic system for wastewater treatment.
- Regular pumping every 3–5 years is recommended by the EPA to prevent system failure.
- A failed septic system can cost $7,000–$15,000 or more to replace, depending on system type and soil conditions.
- If you are selling a property in North Carolina, check your state and local requirements before listing.
- Signs of septic failure include slow drains, sewage odors, and standing water near the drain field.
Source: North Carolina environmental and health department regulations. Cost estimates reflect typical market rates and may vary by provider, system size, and location. This information is for general guidance only—contact your local health department for requirements specific to your property.
CO & Gas Safety Profile
CO & Gas Safety Tips
- Install CO detectors on every level of your home and near sleeping areas. Replace batteries annually and units every 5-7 years.
- Know gas leak signs: rotten egg smell, hissing sounds near gas lines, dead vegetation near pipelines, bubbling in standing water.
- Annual inspection: have a licensed technician inspect gas appliances (furnace, water heater, stove) every year.
- Emergency: if you smell gas, leave immediately, do not use electrical switches, and call 911 or your gas company from outside.
Protect Your Home from Carbon Monoxide
The CPSC recommends a CO detector on every level. Battery-operated models start at $20. Smart detectors with app alerts start at $35.
Product link may earn a commission — see our disclosure.
Remodeling Permit Requirements in North Carolina
ⓘ Permits RequiredStructural, electrical, plumbing, mechanical. North Carolina Building Code applies statewide.
Fines up to $500/day, stop-work orders, misdemeanor for willful violations
Why This Matters
- Unpermitted work can reduce your home's appraised value by 10–20% and complicate or block a sale entirely.
- Homeowner insurance may deny claims for damage caused by or related to unpermitted renovations.
- Buyers' lenders may require proof of permits before approving a mortgage, especially for kitchens, bathrooms, and structural changes.
- Unpermitted electrical and plumbing work is a leading cause of house fires and water damage — permits exist to ensure safety inspections.
- If you are planning remodeling work in North Carolina, contact your local building department before starting any project that alters structure, electrical, plumbing, or mechanical systems.
Remodeling Permit Questions for 27528
What remodeling work requires a permit in North Carolina?
In North Carolina, permits are generally required for any work that alters the structure, electrical wiring, plumbing, or mechanical systems of a home. This includes kitchen and bathroom renovations involving plumbing or electrical changes, wall removal, room additions, window enlargements, re-roofing, and HVAC replacement. Purely cosmetic work — painting, flooring, cabinet refacing without plumbing changes — typically does not require a permit. Always check with your local building department, as municipal requirements may be stricter than state minimums.
What happens if I remodel without a permit in North Carolina?
Working without a required permit in North Carolina can result in Fines up to $500/day, stop-work orders, misdemeanor for willful violations. Beyond legal penalties, unpermitted work creates problems when selling: buyers' home inspectors and appraisers flag unpermitted additions, lenders may refuse financing, and title companies may require permits to be obtained retroactively — often at 2–3 times the original permit fee. In serious cases, you may be required to open walls for inspection or demolish non-compliant work.
How much does a remodeling permit cost in North Carolina?
Remodeling permit fees in North Carolina typically range from $100 to $2000, depending on the scope and value of the project. Most jurisdictions calculate fees as a percentage of the project's estimated construction cost (usually 1–2%) or use a flat fee schedule based on project type. Electrical and plumbing sub-permits may be billed separately. Contact your local building department for an exact fee quote before starting work.
Permit requirements based on North Carolina building codes and ICC adoption data. Costs reflect typical municipal fee schedules and may vary by jurisdiction, project scope, and valuation. This information is for general guidance only — contact your local building department for requirements specific to your project.
Cost & Community (4) OK
True Cost of Ownership
How this ZIP compares
Where the estimate comes from
No measurable risk-cost factors are modeled for this ZIP.
5-year equipment outlook
No major equipment is flagged for likely replacement within five years.
What this means
- This is a modeled estimate of how much more — or less — a household here may spend each year on risk-related costs such as insurance, mitigation, testing, and maintenance, compared with a typical US ZIP.
- It is a comparison figure for context, not a bill, a quote, or financial advice.
- The 5-year equipment ranges above are separate one-time replacements, not part of the annual figure.
Methodology: Each of 13 risk verticals is assigned a dollar figure from public federal data; the total is the modeled annual difference from a median-risk US ZIP. The 5-year equipment outlook flags major home equipment whose estimated age is within five years of its typical service life; figures are national-average installed-cost ranges.
Estimates are modeled from public federal data. They are not quotes, prices, or financial or insurance advice.
Tax Burden in North Carolina
State tax rates affect cost of ownership. Here's how North Carolina compares to national averages.
Source: Tax Foundation 2024. Income tax = top marginal rate. Sales tax = state + avg local. Property tax = effective rate on home value.
Energy Costs in North Carolina
Residential electricity rate: 13.68¢/kWh — 20% below the national average (national avg: 17.0¢/kWh · EIA, December 2025)
North Carolina Energy Mix
Source: EIA Form 923, 2025 data. Renewable = solar + wind + hydro + geothermal.
Home Energy Audit for 27528
The Inflation Reduction Act provides up to $8,000 in rebates and $3,200 in annual tax credits for home energy upgrades — but many provisions phase down or expire after 2032. A professional energy audit is the first step to qualifying for these incentives.
What a Home Energy Audit Covers
- Insulation levels in attic, walls, and basement
- Air leaks around windows, doors, and ducts
- Blower door test (measures total air leakage)
- HVAC efficiency and age assessment
- Water heater type and condition
- Lighting and appliance energy use
- Carbon monoxide and combustion safety
- Moisture and ventilation assessment
- Gas leak detection
- Prioritized list of recommended upgrades
- Estimated cost and savings for each upgrade
- Rebate and tax credit eligibility report
- The average home energy audit identifies $200–$400/year in savings (DOE)
- Properly sealed and insulated homes save 15% on heating and cooling costs (DOE)
- Heat pump upgrades can reduce heating costs by 30–50% compared to electric resistance
- ENERGY STAR certified windows save $101–$583/year compared to single-pane windows
- Weatherization assistance programs are available for income-qualifying households
Under the Inflation Reduction Act. Income limits apply for HEEHRA rebates. Tax credits require tax liability. IRS details →
To claim the $150 federal tax credit, your energy audit must meet DOE standards (10 CFR 440.21) and be performed by a qualified auditor. A DOE-compliant audit includes:
- Blower door test to measure air infiltration
- Infrared thermography to identify insulation gaps
- Combustion safety testing for gas appliances
- Written report with prioritized, cost-effective upgrade recommendations
Energy Audit Questions for 27528
How much does a home energy audit cost?
A professional home energy audit typically costs $150–$400 depending on the size of your home and the depth of testing. The Inflation Reduction Act provides a $150 tax credit for qualifying audits performed by a certified auditor, effectively covering a significant portion of the audit cost. Some utilities also subsidize audits for their customers.
What is the difference between an energy audit and a home inspection?
A home inspection (done during a home sale) evaluates structural and safety conditions. An energy audit specifically measures how your home uses energy and identifies efficiency improvements. Energy audits use specialized tools like blower doors, infrared cameras, and duct blasters that are not part of a standard home inspection. The audit produces a prioritized list of upgrades with estimated costs and savings.
How much can I save after an energy audit?
According to the U.S. Department of Energy, the average audit identifies $200–$400/year in savings. Actual savings depend on your home's age, current insulation, HVAC efficiency, and local energy rates. At current rates in North Carolina, the average home spends approximately $1,436/year on electricity — a 15–25% reduction through audit-recommended upgrades could save $215–$359 annually.
What rebates and tax credits are available for energy upgrades?
The Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) provides two types of incentives: (1) Tax credits up to $3,200/year for heat pumps ($2,000), insulation ($1,600), windows ($600), and the audit itself ($150); and (2) HEEHRA rebates for income-qualifying households — up to $8,000 for heat pumps, $1,600 for insulation, $2,500 for electrical panels, and $840 for heat pump dryers. Solar panels qualify for a separate 30% tax credit through 2032.
Do I need an energy audit before installing solar panels?
An energy audit is not legally required before installing solar, but the DOE strongly recommends it. Reducing your home's energy consumption before adding solar means you need a smaller (cheaper) system to cover your needs. An audit typically identifies 15–30% in energy reductions through insulation, air sealing, and HVAC improvements — which directly reduces the size and cost of a solar installation.
How long does a home energy audit take?
A comprehensive energy audit takes 2–4 hours for a typical single-family home. The auditor will inspect the attic, basement, walls, windows, HVAC system, water heater, and ductwork. Diagnostic tests (blower door, infrared scan) add precision to the findings. You will receive a written report within 1–2 weeks with prioritized recommendations and estimated costs.
Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (P.L. 117-169).
Safety Updates for Clayton, North Carolina
Violations & Enforcement Timeline
View all 10 records
Related Anomalies
Recent Product Recalls
Recent CPSC recalls for plumbing and HVAC products that may affect homes in your area.
Superbobi 7 3/8 Inch Pool Drain Covers
Shenzhen Jiangtou Technology Co. · 2026-05-14
Electric Kettles (ENFINIGY 1.5 l and ENFINIGY Pro 1.5 l)
ZWILLING J. A. Henckels Aktiengesellschaft · 2026-05-14
Electric Start Pressure Washers
Generac Power Systems Expands · 2026-05-14
1-K Kerosene Heater Fluid Portable Fuel Containers
Alliance Chemical · 2026-04-30
Take Action
Concerned about these findings? Contact your local elected officials to ask what is being done about water quality in your area.
Email Your RepresentativeDon't know who to contact? Find your local representative at usa.gov/elected-officials
Frequently Asked Questions
Is the tap water in 27528 safe to drink?
Based on EPA SDWIS data, Clayton's primary water system (Clayton, Town of) has 4 recorded violations in the past 5 years, including 0 health-based. Check the full report above for details.
Where does 27528's water come from?
The primary water source for ZIP code 27528 is Surface water. Clayton, Town of serves approximately 29,689 people.
How can I get my water tested in Clayton?
Contact your local water utility (Clayton, Town of) for a free Consumer Confidence Report, or hire a certified lab for independent home water testing. The EPA recommends annual testing if you use a private well.
What is the radon risk for 27528?
27528 falls in EPA Radon Zone 3 (Low risk), located in Johnston County. Zone 1 indicates the highest radon potential. Testing your home is recommended regardless of zone.
Are there PFAS (forever chemicals) in 27528's water?
Yes, PFAS contamination has been detected in water systems serving 27528. Reverse osmosis and activated carbon filters certified NSF/ANSI 53 or 58 are the most effective at reducing PFAS.
What contaminants were found in ZIP 27528 water?
According to the most recent Consumer Confidence Report, 12 contaminants were detected. The top contaminants include Chloramines (2.18 ppm), Haloacetic Acids [HAA] (39.2 ppb), Simazine (200 ppb, exceeds MCL). See the full water quality breakdown above.
Nearby ZIP Code Reports
Water quality comparison for ZIP codes near 27528
| ZIP Code | City, State | Distance | Grade | Violations |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 27520 | Clayton, NC | 1.5 mi | B | 4 |
| 27527 | Clayton, NC | 4.3 mi | B | 4 |
| 27593 | Wilsons Mills, NC | 7.2 mi | C | 0 |
| 27529 | Garner, NC | 7.9 mi | D | 29 |
| 27545 | Knightdale, NC | 8.7 mi | B | 18 |
| 27591 | Wendell, NC | 10.6 mi | B | 12 |
| 27610 | Raleigh, NC | 11.0 mi | D | 78 |
| 27603 | Raleigh, NC | 11.5 mi | C | 78 |
| 27577 | Smithfield, NC | 12.1 mi | B | 6 |
| 27629 | Raleigh, NC | 12.3 mi | C | 78 |
Nearby ZIP Code Reports
2026 Rankings for Your Area
Overall safety breakdown
Home Safety Score →Find the right water filter
Water Filter Matcher →Compare filters, tests & services
Compare My Options →Compare with another ZIP
Compare Tool →2026 Rankings
ZIP 27528 scores in the top tier nationally.