Bowling Green, VA (22428): 7 Health Violations — 65/100
EPA data for Bowling Green, Town of
Compared to systems flagged only for reporting gaps, 22428 in Bowling Green, VA carries 7 violations tied directly to contaminant levels — EPA classifies each as a health-based finding.
Data source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) SDWIS Last verified: April 2, 2026
Key Findings
3 other areas checked — no concerns found.
At a Glance
- Water EPA records show 7 health-based violations and 1 non-health on the water system serving this ZIP (5-year window).
- Lead Lead reading of 0.001 mg/L is well below EPA action level.
- Radon EPA Zone 3 — low predicted indoor radon (below 2 pCi/L).
- Flood 21 cumulative NFIP flood claims — moderate flood history.
What’s Happening in Bowling Green, Virginia
7 active health-based violations are currently on record for the water system serving this ZIP.
Consider a whole-home water filter
This water system has 7 health-based violations in the past 5 years — significantly more than the national median of 0. A certified water filter can reduce contaminant exposure.
Recommended Buyer Guides for This ZIP
Independent guides — grounded in EPA, NSF, FEMA, and CDC standards. Matched to risks detected in your area.
- Best Under-Sink Reverse Osmosis Systems — Multi-contaminant removal
- Best Sump Pumps — Flood claim history in this ZIP
This Summer — what to check
Season-specific maintenance for home safety. Universal tasks — apply everywhere unless noted.
-
Water Heater
Flush sediment (1–2×/year). Cuts energy use and prevents bacterial growth in low-use hot-water pockets.
Source: DOE -
Wildfire & Smoke
Clear leaves and debris from gutters and the 30-ft home-ignition zone. Replace HVAC filters with MERV 13+.
Source: Firewise -
HVAC Filter
Peak AC run. Replace filters monthly during high pollen / wildfire-smoke days; standard interval otherwise.
Source: EPA IAQ
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How Bowling Green Compares
Safety Score vs. Henrico County and Virginia averages
| Metric | Bowling Green | Henrico County | Virginia |
|---|---|---|---|
| Safety Score | 65 | 90 | 66 |
| EPA Violations (total) | 8 | 2 | 1.3 |
| Lead (ppb) | 1.3 | 1.6 | 3 |
County and state averages computed from 41,344 ZIP codes. Data: EPA SDWIS.
Each number below connects you directly to a licensed specialist contractor in your area. Calls are free.
7 health-based water quality violations on record
8 total EPA violations recorded for Bowling Green, Town of
Recent EPA enforcement actions against this water system
See incorrect data? Let us know
The Bowling Green (22428) record flags one critical-level condition and nothing more.
🔍Key Insights for Bowling Green 22428
Derived from EPA, Census, FEMA, and EIA data — exclusive to ZipCheckup
Score Breakdown
How your Home Safety Score of 65 is calculated.
Score has been stable — no change in the last 90 days.
Safety & Health (7) HIGH
Compliance Risk Forecast
Probability of future drinking water violations based on historical patterns, enforcement trends, and system size.
95% probability of new violation within 2 years
Based on 13.77 events/year rate. Model uses Poisson distribution with trend and system-size adjustments.
Service Disruption Risk
Critical80% estimated probability of a boil water advisory or service interruption in the next 90 days.
Based on infrastructure age, EPA violation history, flood exposure, and seasonal patterns.
Estimates based on EPA enforcement data, U.S. Census ACS housing vintage, and FEMA flood claims. Not a guarantee of disruption.
Your Water System
ZIP code 22428 in Bowling Green, Virginia is served by Bowling Green, Town of (EPA ID: VA6033550). This system provides water to approximately 1,233 people from groundwater sources.
Home Safety Score: C (65/100)
Based on water quality violations, lead levels, and radon risk in your area. This score is better than 40% of ZIP codes nationally and 46% in Virginia.
| Factor | Status | Details |
|---|---|---|
| Water Quality | poor | 8 violations, 7 health-based |
| Lead in Water | safe | 0.0013 mg/L (EPA action level: 0.015 mg/L) |
| Radon Risk | Low | Zone 3 |
| Gas Safety | low | 1 incidents, score 1/100 |
| Wildfire Smoke | low | score 11/100, 1 county fires (5yr) |
| Earthquake Risk | Relatively Low | score 6.2/50 |
| Superfund NPL | Moderate | nearest 13.7 mi (L.A. Clarke & Son), 0 sites within 10 km |
Lead & Copper in Your Water
The EPA requires water systems to monitor lead and copper levels under the Lead and Copper Rule.
| Metal | Measured Level | EPA Action Level | Status | Sample Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lead | 0.0013 mg/L | 0.015 mg/L | Within limit | N/A |
Radon Risk
Radon Zone 3 — Low potential (Henrico County)
Lower radon potential for this area, but testing is still recommended for individual homes. Zone 3 indicates a predicted average indoor radon screening level below 2 pCi/L. Actual levels can vary based on home construction and geology.
CO & Gas Safety
Gas Distribution Risk: Low (score: 1/100)
1 gas distribution incident recorded in this county since 2004. Most recent: 2010.
The CPSC recommends CO detectors on every level of your home. Have gas appliances inspected annually by a licensed technician.
Wildfire & Smoke Risk
Smoke Risk: Low (score: 11/100)
1 wildfire recorded in this county over the past 5 years. Nearest recent wildfire: 99 km (62 miles).
Monitor air quality at AirNow.gov during fire season (June–November). A HEPA air purifier can reduce indoor PM2.5 by up to 80% during smoke events.
Earthquake & Seismic Risk
Risk Rating: Relatively Low (score: 6.2/50)
| Metric | Value |
|---|---|
| Risk Score | 6.2 |
| Risk Rating | Relatively Low |
| Annual Frequency | < 0.001 damaging events/yr |
| Expected Annual Loss | $1.3M (Relatively Low) |
Monitor seismic activity at the USGS Earthquake Map. Secure heavy furniture, maintain an emergency kit, and know your gas shutoff location.
Superfund Site Proximity
Proximity Risk: Moderate (score: 28/100)
Nearest NPL site: L.A. Clarke & Son at 13.7 miles (22.1 km).
| Radius | NPL Sites |
|---|---|
| Within 5 km (3.1 mi) | 0 |
| Within 10 km (6.2 mi) | 0 |
| Within 25 km (15.5 mi) | 1 |
Nearest NPL Sites
- L.A. Clarke & Son — 13.7 mi (Active Cleanup), listed 06/10/1986
- Naval Surface Warfare - Dahlgren — 25.8 mi (Active Cleanup), listed 10/14/1992
- H & H Inc., Burn Pit — 26 mi (Construction Complete), listed 03/31/1989
- Rentokil, Inc. (Virginia Wood Preserving Division) — 29.8 mi (Construction Complete), listed 03/31/1989
- Arrowhead Associates, Inc./Scovill Corp. — 30.3 mi (Construction Complete), listed 02/21/1990
Search nearby sites at the EPA Superfund Site Search. If you garden or use well water near an NPL site, consider soil and water testing.
Violation Summary
Recent Violations
| Date | Contaminant | Type | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| July 1, 2025 | Gross Alpha | Health-based | Unresolved |
| April 1, 2025 | Gross Alpha | Health-based | Unresolved |
| January 1, 2025 | Gross Alpha | Health-based | Unresolved |
| January 1, 2025 | Gross Beta | Monitoring | Resolved |
| October 1, 2024 | Gross Alpha | Health-based | Unresolved |
| July 1, 2024 | Gross Alpha | Health-based | Unresolved |
| April 1, 2024 | Gross Alpha | Health-based | Unresolved |
| January 1, 2024 | Gross Alpha | Health-based | Unresolved |
Contaminants Detected
The following contaminants have been flagged in EPA records for water systems serving this ZIP code:
| Contaminant | Category | Violations | Health-Based |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gross Alpha | Radionuclides | 7 | Yes |
| Gross Beta | Radionuclides | 1 | No |
Health Risk Details
Gross Alpha Particle Activity (EPA limit: pCi/L)
Increased cancer risk from radioactive particles At-risk groups: long-term residents in areas with uranium or radium-rich geology, people on private wells in western US.
Removal methods: reverse osmosis, ion exchange (anion exchange for radium), lime softening. Find the right filter →
Energy Costs in VA
Residential electricity rate: 15.87¢/kWh — 7% below the national average (17.0¢/kWh).
Lower electricity rates in Virginia make electric appliances and heat pumps a cost-effective choice compared to other states.
Energy Sources
Virginia generates 9.8% of its electricity from renewable sources — 17% below the national average of 26.9%. Including nuclear, 36.4% of the state's power is carbon-free (EIA 2025).
| Source | Share |
|---|---|
| Natural gas | 57.3% |
| Nuclear | 26.6% |
| Solar | 8.6% |
| Coal | 3.4% |
| Hydroelectric | 1.2% |
| Petroleum | 0.5% |
Need help with your water quality?
Typical cost: Water test: typically $20–$50 (DIY kit) · Professional inspection: $150–$400
Find the Right Water FilterFree tip: Let cold water run for 2 minutes before drinking — this helps flush lead from your pipes.
What You Can Do
- Request your water system's Consumer Confidence Report (CCR) — Your utility is required to publish this annually
- Consider a home water test — Independent testing can reveal issues in your specific plumbing
- Install a certified water filter — NSF-certified filters can address specific contaminants
- Contact your water provider — Ask about current treatment and any ongoing remediation
Need help with water testing or filtration?
Typical cost: Water test: typically $20–$50 (DIY kit) · Professional inspection: $150–$400
Find the Right Water FilterFree tip: Let cold water run for 2 minutes before drinking — this helps flush lead from your pipes.
Other Water Quality Reports in Virginia
- 20101 (Dulles)
- 20102 (Dulles)
- 20103 (Dulles)
- 20104 (Dulles)
- 20105 (Aldie) — 1 violation
- 20106 (Amissville)
- 20108 (Manassas) — 2 violations
- 20109 (Manassas) — 2 violations
- 20110 (Manassas) — 2 violations
- 20111 (Manassas) — 2 violations
- 20112 (Manassas) — 2 violations
- 20113 (Manassas) — 2 violations
- 20115 (Marshall)
- 20116 (Marshall)
- 20117 (Middleburg) — 2 violations
- 20118 (Middleburg) — 2 violations
- 20119 (Catlett)
- 20120 (Centreville)
- 20121 (Centreville)
- 20122 (Centreville)
Nearby Water Quality Reports
- 22514 (Milford) — 3 mi
- 22580 (Woodford) — 6 mi
- 22552 (Sparta) — 7 mi
- 22427 (Bowling Green) — 9 mi — 8 violations
- 22501 (Ladysmith) — 9 mi
- 22546 (Ruther Glen) — 10 mi
- 22446 (Corbin) — 11 mi
- 22565 (Thornburg) — 11 mi
- 22535 (Port Royal) — 12 mi
- 22538 (Rappahannock Academy) — 12 mi
Data Sources
This report uses public data from the EPA Safe Drinking Water Information System (SDWIS). View the full compliance record for Bowling Green, Town of (VA6033550) on EPA.gov.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is the tap water in 22428 safe to drink?
Bowling Green's water system has recorded 7 health-based violations in the past 5 years. While the system is required to treat water to meet federal standards, you may want to consider additional precautions such as a certified water filter.
Where does 22428's water come from?
The primary water source for this area is groundwater. Bowling Green, Town of serves approximately 1,233 people.
How can I get my water tested?
Contact your local water utility for a free water quality report, or hire a certified lab for independent home water testing. The EPA recommends testing annually if you use a private well.
Does 22428 have lead in the water?
Lead and Copper Rule sampling data for ZIP code 22428 shows a lead level of 0.0013 mg/L, which is below the EPA action level of 0.015 mg/L. Still, older homes with lead service lines or pre-1986 plumbing may have higher levels at individual taps.
What is the radon risk in 22428?
ZIP code 22428 (Henrico County) falls in EPA Radon Zone 3, indicating low radon potential. Zone 3 areas have lower radon potential, though individual homes can still have elevated radon levels depending on construction and local geology. Testing is still recommended.
USGS reports that 3 of the top compounds applied across the surrounding county are flagged by the EPA for drinking-water monitoring — see the agricultural pesticide-use section
Contaminant Stress Analysis
Statistical envelope (p10/p50/p90) of measured contaminant levels compared to EPA Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCL). Based on enforcement and compliance monitoring data.
Even in the best-case scenario (10th percentile), Nitrate levels at 22 PCI/L exceeded the safe limit of 10 PCI/L. All measured values surpass the EPA maximum contaminant level.
Score History
Tracking since 2021-12-31 · 59 data points
Safety Score Timeline
Compliance History
Environmental Incidents
Health-Based Violations
Enforcement Actions
Understanding EPA Enforcement
- MCL Violation — Contaminant exceeded the Maximum Contaminant Level set by EPA
- Treatment Technique (TT) — Water system failed to follow required treatment methods
- Formal Enforcement — EPA or state issued a legal order (administrative order, court action, or compliance order)
- Resolved — The water system returned to compliance
Source: EPA Enforcement and Compliance History Online (ECHO). Data from the Safe Drinking Water Information System (SDWIS). Updated quarterly.
Health Risks from Detected Contaminants
Gross Alpha Particle Activity
High RiskEPA limit: pCi/L · 7 violations on record
Increased cancer risk from radioactive particles
At-risk groups: long-term residents in areas with uranium or radium-rich geology, people on private wells in western US
Removal: reverse osmosis, ion exchange (anion exchange for radium), lime softening · Find a filter →
Childhood Environmental Risk Score — 22428
Very High RiskThis ZIP's score is higher than 98% of U.S. ZIP codes and 98% of those in Virginia — a relative ranking, not a verdict on any home.
Risk Factor Breakdown
Water system violation history is the largest contributor to this ZIP's score. A pattern of violations can signal recurring quality issues worth monitoring, and reviewing a system's recent record helps families know what to ask about.
- Children under 6 are most vulnerable to lead exposure — there is no safe level of lead in blood
- Test your home's drinking water, especially if your home was built before 1986
- Consider a certified water filter (NSF/ANSI 53 for lead removal) for drinking and cooking water
- Ask your pediatrician about blood lead level testing at well-child visits
What families can do
Here are calm, practical steps families in this ZIP can consider — informational guidance, not cause for alarm.
- Ask your pediatrician whether a blood lead test is appropriate at a child's next well-child visit.
Know a family in 22428? A free 30-second ZIP check shows them the same lead, water, and housing data.
Lead Pipe Replacement Funding for Virginia
Key LCRI Deadlines
What This Means for You
- If your home was built before 1986, it may have lead service lines
- Your water utility is required to inventory and replace lead lines at no cost to you
- Contact your water utility to check if your address is in their inventory
Source: EPA DWSRF Lead Service Line Replacement Program, FY2025 Allotment Memorandum.
Active Alerts in Virginia
0 active weather alerts in Virginia. Severe weather can affect your water quality and home safety.
Environmental Hazards (9) HIGH
Flood Risk Profile
FEMA Flood Zones Explained
- Zone A / AE — High-risk (100-year floodplain). Flood insurance required for federally backed mortgages
- Zone V / VE — High-risk coastal area with wave action. Strictest building requirements
- Zone X — Moderate-to-low risk (500-year floodplain or minimal flood hazard)
- Zone B / C — Areas of moderate or minimal flood hazard
Termite Risk for 22428
Heavy Termite ZoneRequired for VA/FHA loans statewide; very common in conventional transactions
VA/FHA loan will not close without clear NPMA-33 form
Termite Damage in the U.S.
- Termites cause an estimated $5 billion in property damage annually in the United States, according to the USDA.
- Standard termite treatment costs $225–$2,500; fumigation for severe infestations: $2,000–$8,000.
- Homeowner insurance typically does not cover termite damage, as it is considered preventable.
What Homeowners Should Know
- Annual termite inspections are recommended in moderate-to-heavy risk zones. Early detection can prevent thousands in repair costs.
- VA and FHA loans require a clear NPMA-33 (Wood Destroying Insect Inspection Report) for closing in most states.
- Warning signs: mud tubes on foundation walls, hollow-sounding wood, discarded wings near windows, and frass (droppings) near baseboards.
- Preventive treatment ($200–$900 per year) is far less expensive than structural damage repair, which averages $3,000 and can exceed $50,000.
- Virginia falls in a heavy termite infestation probability (TIP) zone. Subterranean termites are the primary concern.
Source: USDA Forest Service Termite Infestation Probability (TIP) zones, VA/FHA lender requirements, Virginia pest control regulations. Inspection cost estimates reflect typical market rates and may vary by provider, property size, and location. This information is for general guidance only.
Pest Risk for 22428
High Pest Pressuretermites, ticks, mosquitoes, stink bugs and cockroaches
- Lyme disease endemic area
- West Nile activity zone
Required for VA loans in all states; state-mandated WDI report required for most residential property transfers
Up to $10,000 per violation; license suspension
Why This Matters
- Health risks: Mosquitoes transmit West Nile virus (1,000+ U.S. cases annually). Ticks spread Lyme disease (estimated 476,000 cases/year per CDC). Rodent droppings can carry hantavirus.
- Property damage: Carpenter ants and termites cause billions in structural damage annually. Rodents gnaw wiring, creating fire hazards.
- Food safety: Cockroaches and rodents contaminate food preparation areas and can trigger allergies and asthma, especially in children.
- Virginia's climate creates year-round pest pressure. Regular professional inspections and preventive treatment are strongly recommended.
Common Questions
Source: CDC vector-borne disease surveillance, EPA pesticide regulation data, Virginia pest control board, NPMA pest prevalence maps. Inspection cost estimates reflect typical market rates and may vary by provider, property size, and location. This information is for general guidance only.
Wildfire & Smoke Risk Profile
Wildfire Smoke Safety Tips
- Air purifier with HEPA filter: run in the room where you spend the most time. Close windows and doors during smoke events.
- N95 or KN95 masks: standard cloth and surgical masks do not filter fine particulate matter (PM2.5) from wildfire smoke.
- Seal gaps: use wet towels or tape around doors and windows to reduce smoke infiltration during poor air quality days.
- Monitor AQI: check AirNow.gov daily during fire season. AQI above 100 = unhealthy for sensitive groups; above 150 = unhealthy for everyone.
- Create a clean room: designate one room with the air purifier running, keep it sealed, and limit time outdoors when AQI is elevated.
Protect Your Indoor Air from Wildfire Smoke
A HEPA air purifier can reduce indoor PM2.5 by up to 80% during smoke events. Portable units for a single room start at $80. Whole-home solutions start at $300.
Product links may earn a commission — see our disclosure.
Earthquake & Seismic Risk Profile
Earthquake Preparedness Tips
- Secure heavy furniture: anchor bookshelves, water heaters, and large appliances to wall studs. Unsecured items cause most earthquake injuries.
- Emergency kit: water (1 gallon per person per day for 3 days), non-perishable food, flashlight, batteries, first aid kit, wrench to turn off gas. Keep kits at home and in your car.
- Know how to shut off gas: locate the gas meter shutoff valve and keep a wrench nearby. Gas leaks are a leading cause of post-earthquake fires.
- Drop, Cover, Hold On: during shaking, drop to hands and knees, take cover under a sturdy table, and hold on. Do not stand in doorways or run outside.
- Structural retrofit: homes built before 1980 may need foundation bolting or cripple wall bracing. FEMA's earthquake resources offer guidance on retrofitting.
- USGS ShakeMap: monitor real-time and recent seismic activity at earthquake.usgs.gov.
Build Your Earthquake Preparedness Kit
FEMA recommends every household in a seismic zone maintain a 72-hour emergency kit. Pre-assembled kits start at $40 and include water, food, first aid, and tools.
Product links may earn a commission — see our disclosure.
Mold Risk Assessment for 22428
Moderate RiskSummer months (June–August) present the highest mold risk in 22428, with average humidity reaching 71%. Indoor humidity can be 10–15% higher in poorly ventilated spaces. Winter humidity drops to 67%, reducing but not eliminating risk.
Why Mold Matters
- The CDC and EPA identify mold as a significant indoor health hazard. Common symptoms include respiratory irritation, allergic reactions, and asthma exacerbation.
- Mold begins growing within 24–48 hours on damp surfaces when relative humidity exceeds 60%. Bathrooms, basements, and crawl spaces are most vulnerable.
- Professional mold remediation costs $1,500–$9,000 on average. Homeowner insurance often excludes mold coverage unless caused by a "covered peril."
- Homes built before 1980 typically lack modern vapor barriers and ventilation systems, increasing moisture infiltration risk.
Prevention Recommendations
- Use a dehumidifier to keep indoor humidity below 50%. This is especially important in basements, crawl spaces, and bathrooms in high-humidity areas like 22428.
- Ensure proper ventilation: use exhaust fans in bathrooms and kitchens, and keep attic and crawl space vents unblocked.
- Fix leaks immediately. Even small plumbing leaks can create mold-favorable conditions within 48 hours.
- This ZIP has a history of flood insurance claims (21). Previous flooding significantly increases the likelihood of hidden moisture and mold behind walls and under flooring.
- Monitor indoor humidity with a hygrometer ($10–$20). Target 30–50% year-round.
With 69% average humidity, a dehumidifier is the most effective way to reduce mold risk in 22428. Energy Star-rated units cost $200–$400 and can reduce humidity by 20–30%.
Respiratory Risk Today
Very High RiskSuperfund Sites & Soil Contamination Risk
Nearest Superfund (NPL) Sites
| Site Name | Distance | Status | Listed |
|---|---|---|---|
|
L.A. Clarke & Son
Spotsylvania County, Virginia
|
13.7 mi | Active Cleanup | 06/10/1986 |
|
Naval Surface Warfare - Dahlgren
Dahlgren, Virginia
|
25.8 mi | Active Cleanup | 10/14/1992 |
|
H & H Inc., Burn Pit
Farrington, Virginia
|
26 mi | Construction Complete | 03/31/1989 |
|
Rentokil, Inc. (Virginia Wood Preserving Division)
Richmond, Virginia
|
29.8 mi | Construction Complete | 03/31/1989 |
|
Arrowhead Associates, Inc./Scovill Corp.
Montross, Virginia
|
30.3 mi | Construction Complete | 02/21/1990 |
What Are Superfund NPL Sites?
The National Priorities List (NPL) is the EPA's list of the most contaminated sites in the United States. These sites are eligible for federal cleanup funding under CERCLA (the "Superfund" law). Common contaminants include heavy metals, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), pesticides, and industrial solvents that can leach into soil, groundwater, and air.
- Active Cleanup: EPA is investigating or remediating the site — contamination may still be present.
- Construction Complete: Physical cleanup is done, but long-term monitoring continues.
- Deleted: Site meets EPA cleanup standards and has been removed from the NPL.
Know What's in Your Soil
If you live near a Superfund site, a home soil test kit can detect heavy metals, lead, and other contaminants — especially important if you garden, have children, or use well water.
Product links may earn a commission — see our disclosure.
Agricultural pesticide use in the surrounding county
USGS estimates how many kilograms of agricultural pesticides are applied each year in this ZIP code’s surrounding county, plus the five most-applied compounds. These are county-level use estimates, not a measurement of any pesticide in the tap water served to this ZIP code.
Top compounds by volume
The five compounds applied in the largest amounts across this county. Where the EPA sets a drinking-water reference limit (MCL) for a compound, that limit is shown for context — it is a regulatory reference, not a finding of any concentration in this ZIP code’s water.
-
Moderate water concernGLYPHOSATEHerbicide · 4.5k kg/yr · EPA drinking-water reference limit: 700 ppb
-
High water concernATRAZINEHerbicide · 1.3k kg/yr · EPA drinking-water reference limit: 3 ppb
-
Low water concernPENDIMETHALINHerbicide · 611 kg/yr
-
High water concernSIMAZINEHerbicide · 591 kg/yr · EPA drinking-water reference limit: 4 ppb
-
Low water concernPARAQUATHerbicide · 460 kg/yr
3 of the top compounds are ones the EPA flags for drinking-water monitoring — see the drinking-water section above
What this means
- These figures describe pesticide application across the surrounding county, not the drinking water at this address.
- An EPA Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) is a regulatory reference for how much of a compound is allowed in finished tap water — it is not a finding of contamination at this ZIP code.
- Tested drinking-water results from the local water system — when reported — appear in the drinking-water section of this report.
Methodology: Annual county pesticide-use estimates are from the USGS Pesticide National Synthesis Project, mapped from county FIPS to ZIP code. EPA Maximum Contaminant Levels are reproduced from federal drinking-water regulations and are reference points only.
Informational only. County-level agricultural pesticide-use estimates are not a measurement of any pesticide in the drinking water served by this ZIP code, nor an assessment of health risk. Tested drinking-water results, when reported by the local water system, appear in the drinking-water section above.
Home & Infrastructure (5) MODERATE
Home Buyer Risk Report
An inspection-grade snapshot of public-data risk factors for this ZIP, built to help a buyer decide what to verify before closing.
Public federal data shows a moderate risk profile for this ZIP. Several factors below are worth verifying independently before closing.
Seven-factor inspection checklist
Each factor below is scored 0–100 from public federal data. A higher score means the factor is more worth verifying before you buy.
The local water system's recent EPA violation and contaminant history, along with an independent tap-water test, gives more context.
The FEMA flood zone, whether the property has flooded before, and flood-insurance requirements are key points to review.
The EPA recommends testing every home for radon; homes in EPA Radon Zone 1 have the highest potential.
Nearby hazards
No EPA Superfund (National Priorities List) sites recorded within 10 km.
ATSDR public-health assessment for nearby sites: No Apparent Public Health Hazard.
Modeled probability of a local water-service disruption in the next 90 days.
See the 90-day disruption outlookNearest nuclear plant: North Anna, about 24 miles away.
Inspection-day checklist
Practical items to raise with your inspector, agent, or the seller — tailored to this ZIP's data.
- Review the local water system's recent disruption and violation history with the utility.
- Hire an independent home inspector for a full walkthrough of the property.
- Read the seller's disclosure and any past inspection or repair records.
- Ask for service records for the HVAC system, water heater, and roof.
What this means
- This report consolidates seven home-purchase risk factors and nearby hazards from public federal data into one place.
- Each flagged item is a recommendation to verify independently — not a finding of a defect.
- An independent home inspection remains an essential step before closing.
Methodology: The report combines the home purchase risk score — a seven-factor composite of public federal data — with EPA Superfund, ATSDR, water-disruption, and NRC nuclear-zone proximity datasets. All figures are modeled estimates.
Informational only. This is a modeled summary of public federal data, not a home inspection, an appraisal, or a prediction of defects. Verify any concern with a qualified inspector before a purchase.
Water Infrastructure Risk
Risk Factor Breakdown
What This Means
ZIP code 22428 has some aging water infrastructure. While not at the highest risk level, periodic water testing is a sensible precaution, particularly if your home was built before 1980.
Infrastructure Decay & Disruption
Water pipe decay
Local water mains are modeled to reach a critical service threshold within about 3 years.
Bridge condition (FHWA NBI)
Bridge figures are from the Federal Highway Administration's National Bridge Inventory. They describe area-level structural ratings, not the safety of any specific bridge.
Bridge condition — FHWA NBI 2024 annual release
Of 352 bridges classified within this ZIP code's surrounding county, 15 are classified Poor by FHWA NBI 2024.
Good (55) · Fair (282) · Poor (15)
FHWA classifies bridges as Good (rating 7-9), Fair (5-6), or Poor (0-4) based on biennial inspections of deck, superstructure, substructure, and culvert components.
Counts are county-level aggregated; multiple ZIP codes within the same county share these counts. No per-bridge or per-structure-ID claim is made.
Source: FHWA National Bridge Inventory, 2024 annual release.
Gas pipeline incident history
PHMSA records 1 reported gas-distribution pipeline incidents on file for this area.
Source: U.S. Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA) historical incident data.
This is the modeled probability of a boil-water advisory or water-service interruption in the next 90 days.
See the full service-disruption breakdown →What this means
- This score blends four public federal datasets — water-pipe decay, bridge condition, gas-pipeline incident history, and a 90-day disruption estimate — into one area-level measure of infrastructure stress.
- It describes the infrastructure around a home, not the condition of the home itself, and it is a modeled estimate rather than an engineering assessment.
- Aging water mains raise the chance of breaks and service interruptions; a plumber can inspect a home's own supply line and shut-off valve.
Concerned about aging water lines on your property? — talk to a local expert.
Call (855) 384-4856Paid Partner This is a free service. You will be connected with an independent service provider. We may receive compensation.
Methodology: Water-pipe decay is modeled with an exponential-decay bathtub curve from Census ACS housing age, EPA ECHO compliance records, and EPA infrastructure-needs data. Bridge condition is from the FHWA National Bridge Inventory; gas-pipeline incidents from PHMSA; the 90-day disruption estimate from EPA and FEMA data. The stress score is a weighted composite of these four signals.
All figures are modeled estimates from public federal data. They are not engineering assessments, predictions of failure, or a judgment about any specific structure or utility.
Septic System Requirements in Virginia
✓ No Statewide MandateVoluntary at sale. If inspection is requested, must follow HB2671 standards starting July 2025.
No penalty for skipping inspection. Non-compliant inspection reports may be invalidated.
What Homeowners Should Know
- Approximately 1 in 5 U.S. households relies on a septic system for wastewater treatment.
- Regular pumping every 3–5 years is recommended by the EPA to prevent system failure.
- A failed septic system can cost $7,000–$15,000 or more to replace, depending on system type and soil conditions.
- If you are selling a property in Virginia, check your state and local requirements before listing.
- Signs of septic failure include slow drains, sewage odors, and standing water near the drain field.
Source: Virginia environmental and health department regulations. Cost estimates reflect typical market rates and may vary by provider, system size, and location. This information is for general guidance only—contact your local health department for requirements specific to your property.
CO & Gas Safety Profile
CO & Gas Safety Tips
- Install CO detectors on every level of your home and near sleeping areas. Replace batteries annually and units every 5-7 years.
- Know gas leak signs: rotten egg smell, hissing sounds near gas lines, dead vegetation near pipelines, bubbling in standing water.
- Annual inspection: have a licensed technician inspect gas appliances (furnace, water heater, stove) every year.
- Emergency: if you smell gas, leave immediately, do not use electrical switches, and call 911 or your gas company from outside.
Protect Your Home from Carbon Monoxide
The CPSC recommends a CO detector on every level. Battery-operated models start at $20. Smart detectors with app alerts start at $35.
Product link may earn a commission — see our disclosure.
Remodeling Permit Requirements in Virginia
⚠ Strict Permit EnforcementStructural, electrical, plumbing, mechanical. Virginia Uniform Statewide Building Code applies to all localities.
Fines up to $2,500/day, stop-work orders, mandatory correction, misdemeanor
Why This Matters
- Unpermitted work can reduce your home's appraised value by 10–20% and complicate or block a sale entirely.
- Homeowner insurance may deny claims for damage caused by or related to unpermitted renovations.
- Buyers' lenders may require proof of permits before approving a mortgage, especially for kitchens, bathrooms, and structural changes.
- Unpermitted electrical and plumbing work is a leading cause of house fires and water damage — permits exist to ensure safety inspections.
- If you are planning remodeling work in Virginia, contact your local building department before starting any project that alters structure, electrical, plumbing, or mechanical systems.
Remodeling Permit Questions for 22428
What remodeling work requires a permit in Virginia?
In Virginia, permits are generally required for any work that alters the structure, electrical wiring, plumbing, or mechanical systems of a home. This includes kitchen and bathroom renovations involving plumbing or electrical changes, wall removal, room additions, window enlargements, re-roofing, and HVAC replacement. Purely cosmetic work — painting, flooring, cabinet refacing without plumbing changes — typically does not require a permit. Always check with your local building department, as municipal requirements may be stricter than state minimums.
What happens if I remodel without a permit in Virginia?
Working without a required permit in Virginia can result in Fines up to $2,500/day, stop-work orders, mandatory correction, misdemeanor. Beyond legal penalties, unpermitted work creates problems when selling: buyers' home inspectors and appraisers flag unpermitted additions, lenders may refuse financing, and title companies may require permits to be obtained retroactively — often at 2–3 times the original permit fee. In serious cases, you may be required to open walls for inspection or demolish non-compliant work.
How much does a remodeling permit cost in Virginia?
Remodeling permit fees in Virginia typically range from $100 to $2500, depending on the scope and value of the project. Most jurisdictions calculate fees as a percentage of the project's estimated construction cost (usually 1–2%) or use a flat fee schedule based on project type. Electrical and plumbing sub-permits may be billed separately. Contact your local building department for an exact fee quote before starting work.
Permit requirements based on Virginia building codes and ICC adoption data. Costs reflect typical municipal fee schedules and may vary by jurisdiction, project scope, and valuation. This information is for general guidance only — contact your local building department for requirements specific to your project.
Home maintenance concerns detected — talk to a local expert.
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Cost & Community (5) OK
True Cost of Ownership
How this ZIP compares
Where the estimate comes from
5-year equipment outlook
No major equipment is flagged for likely replacement within five years.
What this means
- This is a modeled estimate of how much more — or less — a household here may spend each year on risk-related costs such as insurance, mitigation, testing, and maintenance, compared with a typical US ZIP.
- It is a comparison figure for context, not a bill, a quote, or financial advice.
- The 5-year equipment ranges above are separate one-time replacements, not part of the annual figure.
Methodology: Each of 13 risk verticals is assigned a dollar figure from public federal data; the total is the modeled annual difference from a median-risk US ZIP. The 5-year equipment outlook flags major home equipment whose estimated age is within five years of its typical service life; figures are national-average installed-cost ranges.
Estimates are modeled from public federal data. They are not quotes, prices, or financial or insurance advice.
Tax Burden in Virginia
State tax rates affect cost of ownership. Here's how Virginia compares to national averages.
Source: Tax Foundation 2024. Income tax = top marginal rate. Sales tax = state + avg local. Property tax = effective rate on home value.
Energy Costs in Virginia
Residential electricity rate: 15.87¢/kWh — 7% below the national average (national avg: 17.0¢/kWh · EIA, December 2025)
Virginia Energy Mix
Source: EIA Form 923, 2025 data. Renewable = solar + wind + hydro + geothermal.
Electric Utility for 22428
Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-861 (2024 data). EIA ID: 19876.
Home Energy Audit for 22428
The Inflation Reduction Act provides up to $8,000 in rebates and $3,200 in annual tax credits for home energy upgrades — but many provisions phase down or expire after 2032. A professional energy audit is the first step to qualifying for these incentives.
What a Home Energy Audit Covers
- Insulation levels in attic, walls, and basement
- Air leaks around windows, doors, and ducts
- Blower door test (measures total air leakage)
- HVAC efficiency and age assessment
- Water heater type and condition
- Lighting and appliance energy use
- Carbon monoxide and combustion safety
- Moisture and ventilation assessment
- Gas leak detection
- Prioritized list of recommended upgrades
- Estimated cost and savings for each upgrade
- Rebate and tax credit eligibility report
- The average home energy audit identifies $200–$400/year in savings (DOE)
- Properly sealed and insulated homes save 15% on heating and cooling costs (DOE)
- Heat pump upgrades can reduce heating costs by 30–50% compared to electric resistance
- ENERGY STAR certified windows save $101–$583/year compared to single-pane windows
- Weatherization assistance programs are available for income-qualifying households
Virginia Electric & Power Co (Investor-owned) serves 22428. Your local residential rate is 14.1¢/kWh , which is below the national average — but efficiency upgrades still pay for themselves over time . Many utilities offer additional rebates on top of federal IRA incentives — ask your energy auditor about programs from Virginia Electric & Power Co.
Under the Inflation Reduction Act. Income limits apply for HEEHRA rebates. Tax credits require tax liability. IRS details →
To claim the $150 federal tax credit, your energy audit must meet DOE standards (10 CFR 440.21) and be performed by a qualified auditor. A DOE-compliant audit includes:
- Blower door test to measure air infiltration
- Infrared thermography to identify insulation gaps
- Combustion safety testing for gas appliances
- Written report with prioritized, cost-effective upgrade recommendations
Energy Audit Questions for 22428
How much does a home energy audit cost?
A professional home energy audit typically costs $150–$400 depending on the size of your home and the depth of testing. The Inflation Reduction Act provides a $150 tax credit for qualifying audits performed by a certified auditor, effectively covering a significant portion of the audit cost. Some utilities also subsidize audits for their customers — check with Virginia Electric & Power Co for local programs.
What is the difference between an energy audit and a home inspection?
A home inspection (done during a home sale) evaluates structural and safety conditions. An energy audit specifically measures how your home uses energy and identifies efficiency improvements. Energy audits use specialized tools like blower doors, infrared cameras, and duct blasters that are not part of a standard home inspection. The audit produces a prioritized list of upgrades with estimated costs and savings.
How much can I save after an energy audit?
According to the U.S. Department of Energy, the average audit identifies $200–$400/year in savings. Actual savings depend on your home's age, current insulation, HVAC efficiency, and local energy rates. At current rates in Virginia, the average home spends approximately $1,666/year on electricity — a 15–25% reduction through audit-recommended upgrades could save $250–$417 annually.
What rebates and tax credits are available for energy upgrades?
The Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) provides two types of incentives: (1) Tax credits up to $3,200/year for heat pumps ($2,000), insulation ($1,600), windows ($600), and the audit itself ($150); and (2) HEEHRA rebates for income-qualifying households — up to $8,000 for heat pumps, $1,600 for insulation, $2,500 for electrical panels, and $840 for heat pump dryers. Solar panels qualify for a separate 30% tax credit through 2032.
Do I need an energy audit before installing solar panels?
An energy audit is not legally required before installing solar, but the DOE strongly recommends it. Reducing your home's energy consumption before adding solar means you need a smaller (cheaper) system to cover your needs. An audit typically identifies 15–30% in energy reductions through insulation, air sealing, and HVAC improvements — which directly reduces the size and cost of a solar installation.
How long does a home energy audit take?
A comprehensive energy audit takes 2–4 hours for a typical single-family home. The auditor will inspect the attic, basement, walls, windows, HVAC system, water heater, and ductwork. Diagnostic tests (blower door, infrared scan) add precision to the findings. You will receive a written report within 1–2 weeks with prioritized recommendations and estimated costs.
Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (P.L. 117-169).
Safety Updates for Bowling Green, Virginia
Violations & Enforcement Timeline
View all 18 records
Related Anomalies
Recent Product Recalls
Recent CPSC recalls for plumbing and HVAC products that may affect homes in your area.
Superbobi 7 3/8 Inch Pool Drain Covers
Shenzhen Jiangtou Technology Co. · 2026-05-14
Electric Kettles (ENFINIGY 1.5 l and ENFINIGY Pro 1.5 l)
ZWILLING J. A. Henckels Aktiengesellschaft · 2026-05-14
Electric Start Pressure Washers
Generac Power Systems Expands · 2026-05-14
1-K Kerosene Heater Fluid Portable Fuel Containers
Alliance Chemical · 2026-04-30
Protect Your Home in Bowling Green
Based on local data for ZIP 22428, these services may benefit homeowners in your area.
Based on local data for your area. Use the tools below to explore your options.
Home & Flood Insurance
Bowling Green has 21 FEMA flood claims on record. Standard homeowner policies don't cover flood damage — make sure you're protected.
Typical cost: Flood insurance: typically $700–$1,500/year in flood-prone areas
Check Your Flood Zone (Free)FEMA flood map lookup — see if your property is in a flood zone
Free tip: Check your FEMA flood zone at msc.fema.gov (free lookup)
Service recommendations are based on public data for this ZIP code (FEMA, Census ACS, NWS). Actual needs vary by property. By calling, your information will be shared with an independent service provider. ZipCheckup may receive compensation. Cost estimates are approximate and vary by property, condition, and contractor.
Take Action
Concerned about these findings? Contact your local elected officials to ask what is being done about water quality in your area.
Email Your RepresentativeDon't know who to contact? Find your local representative at usa.gov/elected-officials
Frequently Asked Questions
Is the tap water in 22428 safe to drink?
Based on EPA SDWIS data, Bowling Green's primary water system (Bowling Green, Town of) has 8 recorded violations in the past 5 years, including 7 health-based. Check the full report above for details.
Where does 22428's water come from?
The primary water source for ZIP code 22428 is Groundwater. Bowling Green, Town of serves approximately 1,233 people.
How can I get my water tested in Bowling Green?
Contact your local water utility (Bowling Green, Town of) for a free Consumer Confidence Report, or hire a certified lab for independent home water testing. The EPA recommends annual testing if you use a private well.
Is lead a concern in 22428 tap water?
The most recent lead sampling for 22428 recorded 0.0013 mg/L. The EPA action level is 0.015 mg/L. This result is below the EPA action level.
What is the radon risk for 22428?
22428 falls in EPA Radon Zone 3 (Low risk), located in Henrico County. Zone 1 indicates the highest radon potential. Testing your home is recommended regardless of zone.
Are there flood risks in ZIP 22428?
Yes. FEMA records show 21 flood insurance claims filed in ZIP code 22428, with the dominant flood zone being A23. Review FEMA flood maps for your specific property.
Nearby ZIP Code Reports
Water quality comparison for ZIP codes near 22428
| ZIP Code | City, State | Distance | Grade | Violations |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 22514 | Milford, VA | 3.4 mi | C | 0 |
| 22580 | Woodford, VA | 5.6 mi | B | 0 |
| 22552 | Sparta, VA | 7.2 mi | C | 0 |
| 22427 | Bowling Green, VA | 9.4 mi | C | 8 |
| 22501 | Ladysmith, VA | 9.4 mi | C | 0 |
| 22546 | Ruther Glen, VA | 9.9 mi | A | 0 |
| 22446 | Corbin, VA | 10.6 mi | C | 0 |
| 22565 | Thornburg, VA | 11.2 mi | C | 0 |
| 22535 | Port Royal, VA | 11.8 mi | A | 0 |
| 22538 | Rappahannock Academy, VA | 12.1 mi | A | 0 |
Nearby ZIP Code Reports
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Overall safety breakdown
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