Ohio Water Systems Serving the Most Disadvantaged Populations — 2026
Ohio community water utilities serving populations with the highest combined percent of non-white residents and households below 200% of the Federal Poverty Level (Census ACS 2019-2023, aggregated via EPA CWS Service Area Boundaries v3).
ranked
with demographic data
vintage
boundaries (March 2026)
These 50 Ohio water utilities serve populations with the highest combined percent of non-white residents and households below 200% of the Federal Poverty Level. Within-size-class percentile rankings neutralize the confound of system size; no geographic cap is applied at the state level because all utilities are within a single state.
| Rank | Water System | State | Pop served | Equity score | % PoC served | % Below 200% FPL | Unresolved violations |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Aqua Ohio - Blacklick | Ohio | 4,901 | 91.1 | 74% | 44% | — |
| 2 | Lorain City Public Water System | Ohio | 61,651 | 86.4 | 48% | 48% | — |
| 3 | Bedford City Public Water System | Ohio | 13,074 | 75.8 | 67% | 32% | — |
| 4 | Warren City Pws | Ohio | 39,996 | 74.8 | 29% | 47% | — |
| 5 | Dayton Public Water System | Ohio | 151,289 | 71.4 | 49% | 46% | — |
| 6 | Sanitary District #4 | Ohio | 5,256 | 70.2 | 40% | 35% | — |
| 7 | Reynoldsburg City Public Water System | Ohio | 32,102 | 69.6 | 54% | 30% | — |
| 8 | Mansfield City | Ohio | 40,382 | 66.1 | 23% | 43% | 1 |
| 9 | Elyria Water Department | Ohio | 47,016 | 66 | 29% | 37% | — |
| 10 | Oxford City Pws | Ohio | 21,472 | 65.6 | 19% | 49% | — |
| 11 | Springfield City Pws | Ohio | 61,670 | 65.4 | 23% | 41% | — |
| 12 | Aqua Ohio - Ashtabula | Ohio | 26,245 | 64.8 | 20% | 45% | — |
| 13 | Sandusky City | Ohio | 23,832 | 64.6 | 28% | 37% | — |
| 14 | Lima City | Ohio | 61,130 | 64.2 | 25% | 39% | — |
| 15 | Athens Public Water System | Ohio | 19,962 | 61.2 | 15% | 48% | — |
| 16 | Canal Winchester City Public Water System | Ohio | 6,690 | 60.2 | 45% | 26% | — |
| 17 | Steubenville, City of | Ohio | 16,499 | 59.9 | 21% | 39% | 1 |
| 18 | Youngstown City Pws | Ohio | 102,411 | 59.7 | 36% | 44% | — |
| 19 | Akron City Pws | Ohio | 195,139 | 59.3 | 40% | 41% | 1 |
| 20 | Toledo City of | Ohio | 289,371 | 58.4 | 39% | 40% | — |
| 21 | West Carrollton City Pws | Ohio | 6,233 | 58.4 | 27% | 33% | — |
| 22 | Fairfield City Public Water System | Ohio | 30,775 | 57.1 | 41% | 25% | — |
| 23 | Ontario City | Ohio | 4,943 | 57 | 15% | 41% | — |
| 24 | Martins Ferry Public Water System | Ohio | 5,435 | 56.6 | 15% | 41% | — |
| 25 | Bowling Green City | Ohio | 26,526 | 56.2 | 15% | 41% | — |
| 26 | Kent City Public Water System | Ohio | 27,799 | 55.5 | 17% | 38% | — |
| 27 | Fairborn Public Water System | Ohio | 26,029 | 55.3 | 22% | 34% | — |
| 28 | Portsmouth City | Ohio | 32,805 | 54.9 | 10% | 51% | — |
| 29 | Conneaut | Ohio | 9,118 | 53.8 | 12% | 42% | — |
| 30 | Oberlin Water Department | Ohio | 8,696 | 53.6 | 25% | 31% | — |
| 31 | Alliance City Public Water System | Ohio | 22,352 | 53.6 | 13% | 41% | — |
| 32 | Fremont City | Ohio | 17,227 | 53.4 | 24% | 31% | — |
| 33 | Girard City | Ohio | 9,063 | 53.4 | 13% | 40% | — |
| 34 | Cleveland Public Water System | Ohio | 1,105,136 | 52.4 | 44% | 33% | — |
| 35 | Aqua Ohio - Marion | Ohio | 36,937 | 51.9 | 15% | 38% | — |
| 36 | Canton Public Water System | Ohio | 100,028 | 51.6 | 27% | 41% | — |
| 37 | Middletown City Public Water System | Ohio | 49,613 | 51.4 | 21% | 32% | — |
| 38 | Aqua Ohio - Struthers | Ohio | 31,273 | 50.6 | 19% | 33% | — |
| 39 | Hamilton Public Water System | Ohio | 67,721 | 50 | 22% | 31% | — |
| 40 | Groveport Public Water System | Ohio | 3,680 | 49.8 | 36% | 22% | — |
| 41 | Zanesville Public Water System | Ohio | 25,635 | 49.4 | 12% | 38% | — |
| 42 | Geneva City Public Water System | Ohio | 7,362 | 49.2 | 15% | 35% | — |
| 43 | Clark County Northridge Public Water System | Ohio | 7,104 | 49.2 | 16% | 35% | — |
| 44 | Columbus Public Water System | Ohio | 1,027,716 | 49.2 | 42% | 32% | — |
| 45 | Fostoria City | Ohio | 11,694 | 49.2 | 19% | 32% | — |
| 46 | Barnesville | Ohio | 3,683 | 48.8 | 8% | 42% | — |
| 47 | Chillicothe City Public Water System | Ohio | 25,285 | 48.4 | 14% | 36% | — |
| 48 | Trumbull Company - Bazetta/Champion | Ohio | 10,553 | 48.4 | 16% | 34% | — |
| 49 | Maysville Regional Water | Ohio | 4,161 | 48 | 11% | 38% | 11 |
| 50 | Gallipolis Public Water System | Ohio | 3,872 | 47.8 | 8% | 42% | — |
How to read this ranking
Each row links to a full utility profile with violation history, lead testing results, and service-area ZIPs. The demographic context columns are from independent data sources (ACS, not EJScreen) and are provided for readers who want to examine equity patterns alongside the operational data.
See the full methodology for calculation details, data vintages, and known limitations.
Frequently asked questions
What does the "equity score" mean?
A 0-100 composite that combines two within-size-class percentile ranks: (1) percent of population served that is non-white (Census ACS B03002), and (2) percent below 200 percent of the Federal Poverty Level (Census ACS C17002). Within-size-class comparison (small, medium, large) is used because small rural systems and large urban systems have structurally different demographic profiles; mixing them in a single ranking produces a methodologically weak list dominated by size rather than disparity.
Why is the list capped at 5 systems per state?
Without a cap, the list concentrates in states with large numbers of historically disadvantaged small-to-medium systems (Texas, California). A geographic diversity cap produces a more nationally-representative snapshot. Per-state rankings, if available, show the full within-state comparison without a cap.
Does this claim discrimination?
No. It reports a demographic fact: these water utilities serve populations that are more non-white and lower-income than the national median, after controlling for system size. Causation — why that pattern exists — is a separate research question requiring different data and methods.
ZipCheckup is an independent public-data tool. We are a referral service and do not provide water testing, remediation, or utility services. Rankings reflect publicly-available federal data and are provided for informational purposes. For issues with your specific water system, contact your local water utility or state drinking water program.