Health Violations Found OH 1 HEALTH VIOLATION

City of Toledo

EPA ID: OH4801411 · 360,000 people served · 43 ZIP codes

The five-year EPA compliance file for City of Toledo contains 3 violations, each documented and subsequently closed — the utility now operates in full compliance and continues to supply approximately 360,000 residents with water meeting current federal standards, including both health-based and monitoring requirements.

Data: EPA SDWIS Last verified: 2026-04-02

B · 71
Avg Safety Score
360,000
People Served
43
ZIP Codes Served
3
Violations (5yr)
Surface Water
Water Source
0.007 mg/L
Max Lead Level
Zone 2
Radon Risk · Moderate
3
Contaminants Flagged
$166K
Median Home Value in Service Area

Compliance Trajectory

Stable · Risk tier: High · 95% chance of violation in next 12 months

Violations went from 2 (2022) to 43 (2023). Violation counts have remained relatively steady.

Service Area Map

Coverage area for City of Toledo Source: EPA SDWIS service area boundaries.

Service area boundary — Grade B

Service Area Demographics

$65,908
Median Household Income
446,507
Service Area Population
49%
Disadvantaged Population
58th
Poverty Percentile
60th
Energy Burden Percentile
77%
Pre-1986 Housing

The City of Toledo serves a community with a median household income of $65,908 and an estimated 446,507 residents across its service area. Approximately 77% of housing stock was built before 1986, which increases the likelihood of lead service lines and older plumbing.

Environmental Justice Note: 49% of the population in this service area is classified as disadvantaged under EPA's EJScreen criteria. Communities with higher disadvantaged populations often face disproportionate environmental and health burdens, including aging water infrastructure and limited resources for remediation.

🌊 Where Does Your Water Come From?

Surface Water

City of Toledo's water is drawn from rivers, lakes, or reservoirs. Surface water sources are more exposed to agricultural runoff, stormwater, and upstream discharges, but they typically receive more intensive treatment before reaching your tap.

Elevated Risk
Source Contamination Risk
32th
Wastewater Discharge Proximity
10th
Superfund Site Proximity

About 1% of homes in Lucas County, Ohio rely on private wells rather than public water systems. Private well owners are responsible for their own water testing and treatment.

Infrastructure Risk

62 yr
Avg Pipe Age
Unknown
Pipe Material
14 yr
Est. Remaining Life
Moderate Wear
Decay Status
Installed 82% of expected lifespan used End of life

Detected Contaminants

How City of Toledo compares to EPA limits

Total Trihalomethanes (TTHM) 1 mg/L (EXCEEDS LIMIT)
0 EPA Limit: 0.08 mg/L
Bladder & rectal cancer risk; reproductive concerns

What This Means For You

Total Trihalomethanes (TTHM) at 1 mg/L exceeds the EPA maximum of 0.08 mg/L. Bladder & rectal cancer risk; reproductive concerns. Consider granular activated carbon (GAC) filtration.

Surface Water Treatment Rule at 1 mg/L exceeds the EPA maximum of mg/L.

Fecal Coliform at 1 presence exceeds the EPA maximum of presence.

PFAS Detected in Service Area

PFAS ("forever chemicals") have been detected in water serving this system's area. 43 detections recorded.

State limits: PFOA: 0.012 ppt, PFOS: 0.012 ppt, PFBS: 2.1 ppt, PFHxS: 0.14 ppt, HFPO-DA: 0.7 ppt
Health concern: PFAS are linked to cancer, thyroid disease, immune suppression, and developmental effects. They do not break down naturally.
Recommended filter: Reverse osmosis (RO) or activated carbon filters certified for PFAS removal. Find the right filter →

Total Trihalomethanes (TTHM) was detected in this water system. granular activated carbon (GAC) filtration can reduce exposure.

Find a certified water filter →

Comparable Water Systems

Similar-sized systems in Ohio

C 4 violations
D 10 violations
F 5 violations
C 2 violations
B 4 violations

Estimated Remediation Costs

Average estimated costs across ZIP codes served by this system

Flood Insurance PFAS Treatment Radon Mitigation Water Filtration
Flood Insurance $809
PFAS Treatment $465
Radon Mitigation $419
Water Filtration $223
Total Estimated Cost $1,916

Based on national averages for common remediation projects. Actual costs vary by property. Only issues flagged by EPA, FEMA, or state data for each ZIP code are included.

Cost of Inaction

If water quality issues in this service area are not addressed, the estimated financial impact per household is:

Estimated Healthcare Costs $500

Annual per household (CDC est.)

PFAS Exposure — Lifetime Cost $1,000

Per person (emerging research est.)

Estimated Cumulative Cost Per Household

5 years
$2,665
10 years
$5,330
20 years
$10,660

Compare: Estimated remediation cost is $1,916 (one-time) vs. $5,330 in estimated inaction costs over 10 years.

Estimates based on published EPA, CDC, and peer-reviewed research. Individual costs vary by household size, property, and health factors. These are conservative lower-bound estimates intended for awareness, not financial advice.

System Overview

TOLEDO CITY OF (EPA ID: OH4801411) is a community water system in Ohio that serves approximately 360,000 people from surface water sources.

This system provides water to 43 ZIP codes across 13 communities.

Average Home Safety Score: B (71/100)

Based on water quality violations, lead levels, and radon risk across all ZIP codes served by this system.

Violation History

1 health-based violation recorded in the past 5 years. All violations have been resolved.

Recent Violations

Date Contaminant Type Status
January 25, 2024 Surface Water Treatment Rule Monitoring Resolved
March 1, 2023 Fecal Coliform Health-based Resolved

Contaminants Detected

The following contaminants have been flagged in EPA records for this water system:

Contaminant Category Violations Health-Based
Total Trihalomethanes (TTHM) Disinfection Byproducts 1 No
Surface Water Treatment Rule Treatment Failure 1 No
Fecal Coliform Microbiological 1 Yes

Lead & Copper

EPA Lead and Copper Rule sampling data for ZIP codes served by this system:

ZIP Code Lead Level Exceeds Limit Sample Date
43601 0.007 mg/L No N/A
43603 0.007 mg/L No N/A
43604 0.007 mg/L No N/A
43605 0.007 mg/L No N/A
43606 0.007 mg/L No N/A
43607 0.007 mg/L No N/A
43608 0.007 mg/L No N/A
43609 0.007 mg/L No N/A
43610 0.007 mg/L No N/A
43611 0.007 mg/L No N/A
43612 0.007 mg/L No N/A
43613 0.007 mg/L No N/A
43614 0.007 mg/L No N/A
43615 0.007 mg/L No N/A
43617 0.007 mg/L No N/A
43620 0.007 mg/L No N/A
43623 0.007 mg/L No N/A
43635 0.007 mg/L No N/A
43652 0.007 mg/L No N/A
43654 0.007 mg/L No N/A

Radon Risk in Service Area

Dominant radon zone for ZIP codes served by this system: Zone 2 (Moderate Risk)

The EPA recommends testing homes in Zone 1 and Zone 2 areas for radon.

Need help with your water quality?

Typical cost: Water test: typically $20–$50 (DIY kit) · Professional inspection: $150–$400

Find the Right Water Filter

Free tip: Let cold water run for 2 minutes before drinking — this helps flush lead from your pipes.

ZIP Codes Served

Coverage: 25 ZIP codes confirmed via EPA Community Water System Service Area Boundaries v3 plus 18 additional ZIPs inferred from SDWIS registry data. The EPA-confirmed set is the most reliable; SDWIS-inferred entries may be narrower than the real deployment area.

This system serves 43 ZIP codes:

43434 · 43460 · 43504 · 43528 · 43537 43542 · 43558 · 43560 · 43566 · 43571 43601 · 43603 · 43604 · 43605 · 43606 43607 · 43608 · 43609 · 43610 · 43611 43612 · 43613 · 43614 · 43615 · 43616 43617 · 43619 · 43620 · 43623 · 43635 43652 · 43654 · 43656 · 43657 · 43659 43660 · 43661 · 43666 · 43667 · 43681 43682 · 43697 · 43699

Data Sources

This report uses public data from the EPA Safe Drinking Water Information System (SDWIS). View the full compliance record for City of Toledo (OH4801411) on EPA.gov.

Frequently Asked Questions

Is City of Toledo water safe to drink?

City of Toledo has recorded 1 health-based violation in the past 5 years. While the system is required to treat water to meet federal standards, you may want to consider additional precautions such as a certified water filter.

How many people does City of Toledo serve?

City of Toledo serves approximately 360,000 people across 43 ZIP codes in Ohio.

Where does City of Toledo get its water?

The primary water source is surface water.

Contact Your Water Utility

Public-record contact information for the water utility serving this system. Use these channels to request water quality reports, ask about service, or report issues directly.

Phone
(419) 936-3021
ZipCheckup is not affiliated with this water utility, does not act as its agent, and does not provide customer support for it. Contact details shown are public-record information from CCR filings. For service issues, contact the utility directly using the information above.

Contact information from City of Toledo Consumer Confidence Report.

ZipCheckup is not affiliated with this water utility, does not act as its agent, and does not provide customer support for it. Contact details shown are public-record information from CCR filings. For service issues, contact the utility directly using the information above.

Water Source & Treatment

Where this water originates and how it's treated before reaching your tap.

Source
Surface water
Drawn from rivers, lakes, or reservoirs.
Disinfectant used
Chlorine
Treatment chemicals reported
chlorine

Source: City of Toledo Consumer Confidence Report.

ZipCheckup is not affiliated with this water utility. Treatment and source data are sourced from the utility's published CCR filings.

Source water assessment from City of Toledo Consumer Confidence Report:
The Ohio EPA has completed a Source Water Assessment for the City of Toledo, which uses surface water drawn from Lake Erie. By their nature, all surface waters are considered to be susceptible to contamination from chemicals and pathogens. The time it would take for a contaminant to travel from our source water to our drinking water intake is relatively short. Although the water system's main intake is located offshore, susceptibility of the source water to contamination may be increased by its proximity to the following: municipal sewage treatment plants; industrial wastewater; combined sewer overflows; septic system discharges; open water dredge disposal operations; runoff from agricultural and urban areas; oil and gas production; mining operations; and accidental releases and spills, especially from commercial shipping operations and recreational boating.

Treatment regime

How this utility classifies its treatment process and what each reported treatment chemical does.

Treatment classification
Multi-stage
Multiple treatment stages — typically coagulation, filtration, and disinfection. Common for surface-water systems requiring removal of particulates, microorganisms, and dissolved organic compounds before disinfection.

Treatment chemicals and what each one does

Chemical names are reported verbatim by the utility. Purpose categories are ZipCheckup annotations based on standard drinking-water treatment practice.

Disinfectant
Inactivates bacteria, viruses, and parasites in the treated water.
chlorine

Watershed exposure sources reported

Land-use and natural conditions identified in the utility's source-water assessment as potential contamination sources upstream of treatment.

Municipal sewage treatment plantsIndustrial wastewaterCombined sewer overflowsSeptic system dischargesOpen water dredge disposal operationsRunoff from agricultural and urban areasOil and gas productionMining operationsAccidental releases and spillsCommercial shipping operationsRecreational boating

Treatment classification and chemical list sourced from City of Toledo Consumer Confidence Report.

Treatment intensity is a ZipCheckup-derived classification based on the chemicals and processes the utility reports. Chemicals and contamination sources are taken verbatim from the utility's CCR filing. Routine federal monitoring and contaminant testing shown elsewhere on this page determine whether the water meets safety standards, not the treatment classification.

Federal UCMR5 PFAS Monitoring: Detected

This water system was tested under the federal EPA Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule (UCMR5). PFAS compounds were detected below the current state-enforceable MCL.

Samples collected
116
Detections
1
Latest sample
6/3/2024
Highest analyte
PFBA: 5 ppt
Analyte Max detected Current MCL Status
PFBA 5 ppt

Current MCL reflects the lowest state-enforceable limit (NYS 10 ppt for PFOA/PFOS, effective August 2020). The federal final MCL of 4 ppt for PFOA/PFOS (EPA April 2024 rule) is not enforceable until April 2029. Detections above 4 ppt but below 10 ppt are below current MCL but above the future federal limit.

Source: U.S. EPA UCMR5 (Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule, 5th cycle) — per-system federal sampling, 2023–2025. EPA UCMR5 monitoring program →

Understand PFAS health context and filtration →

PFAS Substances Detected in This System

This water system's Consumer Confidence Report disclosed the following PFAS compounds. Levels are from the utility's most recent reporting cycle.

Substance Detected level EPA limit Status
PFBA
Not yet EPA-regulated
5 ppt No federal limit set
PFOS
Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid
EPA-regulated (2024 NPDWR)
7.6 ppt 4 ppt Above EPA limit

In April 2024, EPA finalized the first National Primary Drinking Water Regulation for six PFAS. Public water systems have until 2029 to comply. EPA — PFAS regulation overview →

Source: Consumer Confidence Report disclosed by City of Toledo.

ZipCheckup is not affiliated with this water utility. PFAS detection data is sourced from public Consumer Confidence Reports filed by the utility itself.

Learn more about PFAS health effects and filtration →

Lead Service Line Inventory

Service line breakdown reported under the federal Lead and Copper Rule Improvements (LCRI) inventory requirement:

1,944
Confirmed Lead
6,468
Galvanized — Replacement Required
38,053
Unknown Material
68,363
Confirmed Non-Lead

Federal LCRI rule (effective October 2024) requires every public water system to inventory its service lines and complete lead-line replacement within 10 years.

Federal Regulatory Status · 2026Q1
LCRR inventory submission: Reported all required service line types
Latest tap sample on 2025-01-01 did not exceed the federal lead action level.
Population served: 360,000
Reported to Ohio

Source: EPA SDWIS Federal Service Line Inventory (Phase 2) · Submitted 2026

ZipCheckup is not affiliated with the utility or state agency. Inventory figures render verbatim from the public LCRI submission cited above; ZipCheckup does not perform inspections or replacements.

Learn about lead in drinking water →

How Water Systems Appear in Rankings

Water systems are evaluated by violation history, contaminant detections, and service population. Larger systems with more service connections appear in more rankings.

Frequently Asked Questions

Is water from City of Toledo safe to drink?
City of Toledo earns a B safety grade with 3 violations in the past 5 years. Tap water meets EPA standards for most contaminants.
What contaminants are in City of Toledo's water?
Detected contaminants include Total Trihalomethanes (TTHM), Surface Water Treatment Rule, Fecal Coliform. Each is compared against EPA maximum contaminant levels (MCLs) in the detailed breakdown above.
Should I use a water filter?
Given 3 contaminants above EPA limits, a certified water filter can provide an extra layer of protection. The best type depends on specific contaminants in your water.
How many people does City of Toledo serve?
City of Toledo serves approximately 360,000 people with drinking water across 43 ZIP codes.
What is City of Toledo's water source?
City of Toledo draws water from surface water sources. Source type affects which contaminants are most likely to be present.
Is there lead in City of Toledo's water?
The maximum detected lead level is 0.007 mg/L. This is within EPA action level guidelines.
What is the demographic profile of City of Toledo's service area?
The City of Toledo service area has a median household income of $65,908. EPA EJScreen data classifies 49% of the population as disadvantaged, which may indicate greater vulnerability to environmental health risks.
Where does City of Toledo get its water?
City of Toledo's water is drawn from rivers, lakes, or reservoirs. Surface water sources are more exposed to agricultural runoff, stormwater, and upstream discharges, but they typically receive more intensive treatment before reaching your tap. Based on violation history and environmental factors, the source contamination risk is currently elevated.

What You Can Do

1

Test your water

Home test kits can detect lead, bacteria, and other contaminants at your tap. Find the right filter →

2

Check your specific ZIP code

Water quality can vary within a system. View nearest ZIP report →

3

Contact your utility

City of Toledo (EPA ID: OH4801411) — request the latest Consumer Confidence Report or ask about specific contaminants.

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