City of Phoenix
EPA ID: AZ0407025 · 1,695,000 people served · 95 ZIP codes
Federal data shows 33 unresolved violations at City of Phoenix — roughly 1,695,000 residents in the service area.
Data: EPA SDWIS Last verified: 2026-04-02
Compliance Trajectory
Worsening · Risk tier: High · 95% chance of violation in next 12 months
Violations went from 4 (2021) to 4 (2025). The pattern suggests growing compliance challenges.
Service Area Map
Coverage area for City of Phoenix Source: EPA SDWIS service area boundaries.
Service area boundary — Grade D
Service Area Demographics
The City of Phoenix serves a community with a median household income of $81,919 and an estimated 2,038,056 residents across its service area. Approximately 46% of housing stock was built before 1986, which increases the likelihood of lead service lines and older plumbing.
🌊 Where Does Your Water Come From?
City of Phoenix's water is drawn from rivers, lakes, or reservoirs. Surface water sources are more exposed to agricultural runoff, stormwater, and upstream discharges, but they typically receive more intensive treatment before reaching your tap.
About 1% of homes in Maricopa County, Arizona rely on private wells rather than public water systems. Private well owners are responsible for their own water testing and treatment.
Infrastructure Risk
Detected Contaminants
How City of Phoenix compares to EPA limits
What This Means For You
Atrazine at 2 mg/L exceeds the EPA maximum of 0.003 mg/L. Endocrine disruption, cardiovascular & reproductive effects. Consider granular activated carbon (GAC) filtration.
Lead at 5 mg/L (action level) exceeds the EPA maximum of 0.015 mg/L (action level). Brain damage in children, kidney & blood pressure in adults. Consider reverse osmosis filtration.
Total Trihalomethanes (TTHM) at 4 mg/L exceeds the EPA maximum of 0.08 mg/L. Bladder & rectal cancer risk; reproductive concerns. Consider granular activated carbon (GAC) filtration.
Consumer Confidence Report Rule at 36 mg/L exceeds the EPA maximum of mg/L.
Stage 2 DBP Rule at 17 mg/L exceeds the EPA maximum of mg/L.
PFAS Detected in Service Area
PFAS ("forever chemicals") have been detected in water serving this system's area. 136 detections recorded. 6 exceed federal EPA limits (4 ppt for PFOA/PFOS). 4 exceed state limits.
Atrazine was detected in this water system. granular activated carbon (GAC) filtration can reduce exposure.
Find a certified water filter →Comparable Water Systems
Similar-sized systems in Arizona
Estimated Remediation Costs
Average estimated costs across ZIP codes served by this system
Based on national averages for common remediation projects. Actual costs vary by property. Only issues flagged by EPA, FEMA, or state data for each ZIP code are included.
System Overview
City of Phoenix (EPA ID: AZ0407025) is a community water system in Arizona that serves approximately 1,695,000 people from surface water sources.
This system provides water to 95 ZIP codes across 9 communities.
Average Home Safety Score: D (53/100)
Based on water quality violations, lead levels, and radon risk across all ZIP codes served by this system.
Violation History
Recent Violations
| Date | Contaminant | Type | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| August 28, 2025 | Lead and Copper Rule | Monitoring | Unresolved |
| August 20, 2025 | Total Coliform | Monitoring | Unresolved |
| August 1, 2025 | Chlorite | Monitoring | Unresolved |
| July 1, 2025 | Consumer Confidence Report Rule | Monitoring | Unresolved |
| June 1, 2025 | Consumer Confidence Report Rule | Monitoring | Resolved |
| May 1, 2025 | Consumer Confidence Report Rule | Monitoring | Unresolved |
| May 1, 2025 | E. coli | Monitoring | Unresolved |
| May 1, 2025 | Consumer Confidence Report Rule | Monitoring | Resolved |
| April 1, 2025 | Barium | Monitoring | Unresolved |
| April 1, 2025 | Consumer Confidence Report Rule | Monitoring | Resolved |
| April 1, 2025 | Gross Alpha | Health-based | Unresolved |
| March 1, 2025 | Consumer Confidence Report Rule | Monitoring | Resolved |
| February 13, 2025 | Lead and Copper Rule | Monitoring | Resolved |
| February 1, 2025 | Consumer Confidence Report Rule | Monitoring | Unresolved |
| January 1, 2025 | Chlorite | Monitoring | Resolved |
| January 1, 2025 | Barium | Monitoring | Resolved |
| January 1, 2025 | Total Trihalomethanes (TTHM) | Monitoring | Unresolved |
| January 1, 2025 | Consumer Confidence Report Rule | Monitoring | Unresolved |
| January 1, 2025 | Consumer Confidence Report Rule | Monitoring | Resolved |
| January 1, 2025 | Stage 1 DBP Rule | Monitoring | Unresolved |
Contaminants Detected
The following contaminants have been flagged in EPA records for this water system:
| Contaminant | Category | Violations | Health-Based |
|---|---|---|---|
| Consumer Confidence Report Rule | Reporting Failure | 36 | Yes |
| Stage 2 DBP Rule | Treatment Failure | 17 | Yes |
| Revised Total Coliform Rule | Microbiological | 11 | No |
| Lead and Copper Rule | Treatment Failure | 9 | No |
| Fecal Coliform | Microbiological | 8 | Yes |
| Chlorite | Disinfection Byproducts | 7 | Yes |
| Surface Water Treatment Rule | Treatment Failure | 7 | No |
| E. coli | Microbiological | 7 | No |
| Lead | Inorganic | 5 | No |
| Barium | Inorganic | 4 | Yes |
| Total Trihalomethanes (TTHM) | Disinfection Byproducts | 4 | No |
| Total Coliform | Microbiological | 4 | No |
| Contaminant 2035 | Other Violation | 2 | No |
| Atrazine | Organic | 2 | No |
| Gross Alpha | Radionuclides | 2 | Yes |
Health Risk Details
Chlorite (EPA limit: 1 mg/L)
Anemia and nervous system effects in infants and children At-risk groups: infants, developing fetuses, people with G6PD deficiency.
Removal methods: ferrous sulfate reduction, activated carbon, reverse osmosis. Find the right filter →
Gross Alpha Particle Activity (EPA limit: pCi/L)
Increased cancer risk from radioactive particles At-risk groups: long-term residents in areas with uranium or radium-rich geology, people on private wells in western US.
Removal methods: reverse osmosis, ion exchange (anion exchange for radium), lime softening. Find the right filter →
Lead & Copper
EPA Lead and Copper Rule sampling data for ZIP codes served by this system:
| ZIP Code | Lead Level | Exceeds Limit | Sample Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 85087 | 0.0028 mg/L | No | N/A |
| 85001 | 0.00274 mg/L | No | N/A |
| 85002 | 0.00274 mg/L | No | N/A |
| 85003 | 0.00274 mg/L | No | N/A |
| 85004 | 0.00274 mg/L | No | N/A |
| 85005 | 0.00274 mg/L | No | N/A |
| 85006 | 0.00274 mg/L | No | N/A |
| 85007 | 0.00274 mg/L | No | N/A |
| 85008 | 0.00274 mg/L | No | N/A |
| 85009 | 0.00274 mg/L | No | N/A |
| 85010 | 0.00274 mg/L | No | N/A |
| 85011 | 0.00274 mg/L | No | N/A |
| 85012 | 0.00274 mg/L | No | N/A |
| 85013 | 0.00274 mg/L | No | N/A |
| 85014 | 0.00274 mg/L | No | N/A |
| 85015 | 0.00274 mg/L | No | N/A |
| 85016 | 0.00274 mg/L | No | N/A |
| 85017 | 0.00274 mg/L | No | N/A |
| 85018 | 0.00274 mg/L | No | N/A |
| 85019 | 0.00274 mg/L | No | N/A |
Radon Risk in Service Area
Dominant radon zone for ZIP codes served by this system: Zone 2 (Moderate Risk)
The EPA recommends testing homes in Zone 1 and Zone 2 areas for radon.
Need help with your water quality?
Typical cost: Water test: typically $20–$50 (DIY kit) · Professional inspection: $150–$400
Find the Right Water FilterFree tip: Let cold water run for 2 minutes before drinking — this helps flush lead from your pipes.
ZIP Codes Served
Coverage: 60 ZIP codes confirmed via EPA Community Water System Service Area Boundaries v3 plus 35 additional ZIPs inferred from SDWIS registry data. The EPA-confirmed set is the most reliable; SDWIS-inferred entries may be narrower than the real deployment area.
This system serves 95 ZIP codes:
85001 · 85002 · 85003 · 85004 · 85005 85006 · 85007 · 85008 · 85009 · 85010 85011 · 85012 · 85013 · 85014 · 85015 85016 · 85017 · 85018 · 85019 · 85020 85021 · 85022 · 85023 · 85024 · 85025 85026 · 85027 · 85028 · 85029 · 85030 85031 · 85032 · 85033 · 85034 · 85035 85036 · 85037 · 85038 · 85039 · 85040 85041 · 85042 · 85043 · 85044 · 85045 85046 · 85048 · 85050 · 85051 · 85053 85054 · 85055 · 85060 · 85061 · 85062 85063 · 85064 · 85065 · 85066 · 85067 85068 · 85069 · 85070 · 85071 · 85072 85073 · 85074 · 85075 · 85076 · 85078 85079 · 85080 · 85082 · 85083 · 85085 85086 · 85087 · 85097 · 85098 · 85251 85253 · 85254 · 85255 · 85260 · 85266 85304 · 85305 · 85306 · 85307 · 85308 85310 · 85331 · 85339 · 85353 · 85383
Data Sources
This report uses public data from the EPA Safe Drinking Water Information System (SDWIS). View the full compliance record for City of Phoenix (AZ0407025) on EPA.gov.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is City of Phoenix water safe to drink?
City of Phoenix has recorded 19 health-based violations in the past 5 years. While the system is required to treat water to meet federal standards, you may want to consider additional precautions such as a certified water filter.
How many people does City of Phoenix serve?
City of Phoenix serves approximately 1,695,000 people across 95 ZIP codes in Arizona.
Where does City of Phoenix get its water?
The primary water source is surface water.
Contact Your Water Utility
Public-record contact information for the water utility serving this system. Use these channels to request water quality reports, ask about service, or report issues directly.
Contact information from City of Phoenix Water Services Department Consumer Confidence Report.
ZipCheckup is not affiliated with this water utility, does not act as its agent, and does not provide customer support for it. Contact details shown are public-record information from CCR filings. For service issues, contact the utility directly using the information above.
Water Source & Treatment
Where this water originates and how it's treated before reaching your tap.
Source: City of Phoenix Water Services Department Consumer Confidence Report.
ZipCheckup is not affiliated with this water utility. Treatment and source data are sourced from the utility's published CCR filings.
The Arizona Department of Environmental Quality (ADEQ) conducted a source water assessment for the drinking water wells and the surface water sources for the city of Phoenix water treatment plants in 2005. This assessment reviewed the adjacent land uses that may pose a potential risk to the water sources. These risks include, but are not limited to, gas stations, landfills, dry cleaners, agricultural fields, wastewater treatment plants, and mining activities. Once ADEQ identified the adjacent land uses, they were ranked as to their potential to affect the water source. The assessment has designated water from the Central Arizona Project (CAP) aqueduct to have a high risk because the source water is often stored in Lake Pleasant prior to being transported to a city water treatment plant. There have been reportable releases or spills of a substance at a facility near the lake that have not been reported as being remediated. The spill at this facility makes the CAP source water susceptible to potential future contamination.
Treatment regime
How this utility classifies its treatment process and what each reported treatment chemical does.
Treatment chemicals and what each one does
Chemical names are reported verbatim by the utility. Purpose categories are ZipCheckup annotations based on standard drinking-water treatment practice.
Watershed exposure sources reported
Land-use and natural conditions identified in the utility's source-water assessment as potential contamination sources upstream of treatment.
Treatment classification and chemical list sourced from City of Phoenix Water Services Department Consumer Confidence Report.
Treatment intensity is a ZipCheckup-derived classification based on the chemicals and processes the utility reports. Chemicals and contamination sources are taken verbatim from the utility's CCR filing. Routine federal monitoring and contaminant testing shown elsewhere on this page determine whether the water meets safety standards, not the treatment classification.
Federal UCMR5 PFAS Monitoring: Detected
This water system was tested under the federal EPA Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule (UCMR5). PFAS compounds were detected below the current state-enforceable MCL.
Current MCL reflects the lowest state-enforceable limit (NYS 10 ppt for PFOA/PFOS, effective August 2020). The federal final MCL of 4 ppt for PFOA/PFOS (EPA April 2024 rule) is not enforceable until April 2029. Detections above 4 ppt but below 10 ppt are below current MCL but above the future federal limit.
Source: U.S. EPA UCMR5 (Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule, 5th cycle) — per-system federal sampling, 2023–2025. EPA UCMR5 monitoring program →
PFAS Substances Detected in This System
This water system's Consumer Confidence Report disclosed the following PFAS compounds. Levels are from the utility's most recent reporting cycle.
In April 2024, EPA finalized the first National Primary Drinking Water Regulation for six PFAS. Public water systems have until 2029 to comply. EPA — PFAS regulation overview →
Source: Consumer Confidence Report disclosed by City of Phoenix Water Services Department.
ZipCheckup is not affiliated with this water utility. PFAS detection data is sourced from public Consumer Confidence Reports filed by the utility itself.
As required by the Lead and Copper Rule Revision, the City of Phoenix prepared a service line inventory. The purpose of the inventory was to determine if any of our service lines contain lead, galvanized pipe requiring removal, or unknown materials. For more information about the City's Service Line Inventory and to access the inventory please visit our website at phoenix.gov/pipes or contact us at [email protected].
Lead Service Line Replacement Tracker
This water utility's lead service line (LSL) replacement program is tracked from public Consumer Confidence Report filings. Email signup notifies subscribers when the utility files an updated replacement plan or progress milestone.
City of Phoenix Water Services Department
ZipCheckup is not affiliated with this water utility. LSL replacement-program data is sourced from public CCR filings published by the utility. Subscription notifications are based on automated parsing of subsequent CCR releases.
Learn more about Lead and Copper Rule replacement requirements →
Lead Service Line Inventory
Service line breakdown reported under the federal Lead and Copper Rule Improvements (LCRI) inventory requirement:
Federal LCRI rule (effective October 2024) requires every public water system to inventory its service lines and complete lead-line replacement within 10 years.
Source: EPA SDWIS Federal Service Line Inventory (Phase 2) · Submitted 2026
ZipCheckup is not affiliated with the utility or state agency. Inventory figures render verbatim from the public LCRI submission cited above; ZipCheckup does not perform inspections or replacements.
Aesthetic water quality
These measurements describe the look, taste, and feel of the water this utility delivers. They are not contaminant violations — they sit alongside federal Secondary Maximum Contaminant Levels (SMCLs) which the EPA publishes as non-enforceable guidance.
Aesthetic measurements from City of Phoenix Water Services Department Consumer Confidence Report.
Aesthetic measurements are reported by the utility from its annual sampling. EPA Secondary MCLs are advisory thresholds — values outside them indicate aesthetic concerns such as taste or appearance, not health violations. Federal contaminant testing is shown in the sections above.
Hard water detected in City of Phoenix Water Services Department
Your utility reported water hardness of 344 ppm CaCO₃ (20.1 grains per gallon) in its most recent Consumer Confidence Report. This is in the very hard range and may cause scale buildup, reduced appliance lifespan, and dry skin or hair.
There are three common approaches to treating hard water: salt-based ion-exchange softeners (most effective, require salt refills), salt-free conditioners (lower maintenance, scale prevention only), and reverse osmosis at the kitchen sink (cooking and drinking water only). Aquasana, EcoWater, Pelican, and SpringWell are among the major US brands.
Paid Partner. ZipCheckup earns commission on Aquasana purchases. We do not test water or verify product effectiveness for specific hardness levels — manufacturer claims are theirs alone. Consult a certified water-quality professional for personalized advice.
Hardness data parsed from this utility's most recent Consumer Confidence Report. Severity bands per USGS hard water classification.
How Water Systems Appear in Rankings
Water systems are evaluated by violation history, contaminant detections, and service population. Larger systems with more service connections appear in more rankings.
Frequently Asked Questions
What You Can Do
Test your water
Home test kits can detect lead, bacteria, and other contaminants at your tap. Find the right filter →
Check your specific ZIP code
Water quality can vary within a system. View nearest ZIP report →
Contact your utility
City of Phoenix (EPA ID: AZ0407025) — request the latest Consumer Confidence Report or ask about specific contaminants.