Health Violations Found AL 1 HEALTH VIOLATION

Cottonwood Water Works

EPA ID: AL0000677 · 3,570 people served · 4 ZIP codes

EPA compliance records for Cottonwood Water Works show 2 unresolved violations — findings that remain open and are tracked at the federal level, covering a service territory of approximately 3,570 people.

Data: EPA SDWIS Last verified: 2026-04-02

B · 82
Avg Safety Score
3,570
People Served
4
ZIP Codes Served
5
Violations (5yr)
Groundwater
Water Source
0.0118 mg/L
Max Lead Level
Zone 3
Radon Risk · Low
3
Contaminants Flagged
$143K
Median Home Value in Service Area

Service Area Map

Coverage area for Cottonwood Water Works Source: EPA SDWIS service area boundaries.

Service area boundary — Grade B

Service Area Demographics

$52,191
Median Household Income
49,380
Service Area Population
68%
Disadvantaged Population
60th
Poverty Percentile
50th
Energy Burden Percentile
55%
Pre-1986 Housing

The Cottonwood Water Works serves a community with a median household income of $52,191 and an estimated 49,380 residents across its service area. Approximately 55% of housing stock was built before 1986, which increases the likelihood of lead service lines and older plumbing.

Environmental Justice Note: 68% of the population in this service area is classified as disadvantaged under EPA's EJScreen criteria. Communities with higher disadvantaged populations often face disproportionate environmental and health burdens, including aging water infrastructure and limited resources for remediation.

💧 Where Does Your Water Come From?

Groundwater

Cottonwood Water Works's water is pumped from underground aquifers. Groundwater is naturally filtered through rock and soil, but it can be vulnerable to PFAS contamination, nitrates from agriculture, and industrial chemicals that seep into the water table.

Elevated Risk
Source Contamination Risk
20th
Wastewater Discharge Proximity
50th
Superfund Site Proximity

About 1% of homes in Houston County, Alabama rely on private wells rather than public water systems. Private well owners are responsible for their own water testing and treatment.

Infrastructure Risk

44 yr
Avg Pipe Age
Copper
Pipe Material
27 yr
Est. Remaining Life
Moderate Wear
Decay Status
Installed 62% of expected lifespan used End of life

Detected Contaminants

How Cottonwood Water Works compares to EPA limits

What This Means For You

Stage 2 DBP Rule at 2 mg/L exceeds the EPA maximum of mg/L.

Consumer Confidence Report Rule at 2 mg/L exceeds the EPA maximum of mg/L.

Lead and Copper Rule at 1 mg/L exceeds the EPA maximum of mg/L.

PFAS Detected in Service Area

PFAS ("forever chemicals") have been detected in water serving this system's area. 2 detections recorded.

State limits: PFOA: 0.004 ppt, PFOS: 0.004 ppt
Health concern: PFAS are linked to cancer, thyroid disease, immune suppression, and developmental effects. They do not break down naturally.
Recommended filter: Reverse osmosis (RO) or activated carbon filters certified for PFAS removal. Find the right filter →

Comparable Water Systems

Similar-sized systems in Alabama

Littleville Waterworks
3,570 people
0 violations
Oakman, Town of
3,576 people
B 1 violation
B 0 violations
C 9 violations
Excel, Town of
3,600 people
A 6 violations

Estimated Remediation Costs

Average estimated costs across ZIP codes served by this system

Flood Insurance PFAS Treatment Water Filtration
Flood Insurance $1,650
PFAS Treatment $250
Water Filtration $75
Total Estimated Cost $1,975

Based on national averages for common remediation projects. Actual costs vary by property. Only issues flagged by EPA, FEMA, or state data for each ZIP code are included.

Cost of Inaction

If water quality issues in this service area are not addressed, the estimated financial impact per household is:

Estimated Healthcare Costs $1,000

Annual per household (CDC est.)

PFAS Exposure — Lifetime Cost $1,000

Per person (emerging research est.)

Estimated Cumulative Cost Per Household

5 years
$5,165
10 years
$10,330
20 years
$20,660

Compare: Estimated remediation cost is $1,975 (one-time) vs. $10,330 in estimated inaction costs over 10 years.

Estimates based on published EPA, CDC, and peer-reviewed research. Individual costs vary by household size, property, and health factors. These are conservative lower-bound estimates intended for awareness, not financial advice.

System Overview

Cottonwood Water Works (EPA ID: AL0000677) is a community water system in Alabama that serves approximately 3,570 people from groundwater sources.

This system provides water to 4 ZIP codes across 4 communities.

Average Home Safety Score: B (82/100)

Based on water quality violations, lead levels, and radon risk across all ZIP codes served by this system.

Violation History

1 health-based violation recorded in the past 5 years. 2 remain unresolved.

Recent Violations

Date Contaminant Type Status
December 7, 2024 Lead and Copper Rule Monitoring Unresolved
October 17, 2024 Stage 2 DBP Rule Monitoring Resolved
October 17, 2024 Stage 2 DBP Rule Health-based Unresolved

Contaminants Detected

The following contaminants have been flagged in EPA records for this water system:

Contaminant Category Violations Health-Based
Stage 2 DBP Rule Treatment Failure 2 Yes
Consumer Confidence Report Rule Reporting Failure 2 No
Lead and Copper Rule Treatment Failure 1 No

Lead & Copper

EPA Lead and Copper Rule sampling data for ZIP codes served by this system:

ZIP Code Lead Level Exceeds Limit Sample Date
36343 0.0118 mg/L No N/A
36320 0.0017 mg/L No N/A

Radon Risk in Service Area

Dominant radon zone for ZIP codes served by this system: Zone 3 (Low Risk)

Need help with your water quality?

Typical cost: Water test: typically $20–$50 (DIY kit) · Professional inspection: $150–$400

Find the Right Water Filter

Free tip: Let cold water run for 2 minutes before drinking — this helps flush lead from your pipes.

ZIP Codes Served

Coverage: Service area ZIP codes sourced from EPA Community Water System Service Area Boundaries v3 (March 2026 release). These ZIPs reflect the actual deployment footprint recorded by AL or modeled from parcel and building-footprint data.

Data Sources

This report uses public data from the EPA Safe Drinking Water Information System (SDWIS). View the full compliance record for Cottonwood Water Works (AL0000677) on EPA.gov.

Frequently Asked Questions

Is Cottonwood Water Works water safe to drink?

Cottonwood Water Works has recorded 1 health-based violation in the past 5 years. While the system is required to treat water to meet federal standards, you may want to consider additional precautions such as a certified water filter.

How many people does Cottonwood Water Works serve?

Cottonwood Water Works serves approximately 3,570 people across 4 ZIP codes in Alabama.

Where does Cottonwood Water Works get its water?

The primary water source is groundwater.

Federal UCMR5 PFAS Monitoring: Tested Clean

This water system was tested under the federal EPA Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule (UCMR5). No PFAS compounds were detected.

Samples collected
174

Current MCL reflects the lowest state-enforceable limit (NYS 10 ppt for PFOA/PFOS, effective August 2020). The federal final MCL of 4 ppt for PFOA/PFOS (EPA April 2024 rule) is not enforceable until April 2029. Detections above 4 ppt but below 10 ppt are below current MCL but above the future federal limit.

Source: U.S. EPA UCMR5 (Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule, 5th cycle) — per-system federal sampling, 2023–2025. EPA UCMR5 monitoring program →

Understand PFAS health context and filtration →

Frequently Asked Questions

Is water from Cottonwood Water Works safe to drink?
Cottonwood Water Works earns a B safety grade with 5 violations in the past 5 years. Tap water meets EPA standards for most contaminants.
What contaminants are in Cottonwood Water Works's water?
Detected contaminants include Stage 2 DBP Rule, Consumer Confidence Report Rule, Lead and Copper Rule. Each is compared against EPA maximum contaminant levels (MCLs) in the detailed breakdown above.
Should I use a water filter?
Given 3 contaminants above EPA limits, a certified water filter can provide an extra layer of protection. The best type depends on specific contaminants in your water.
How many people does Cottonwood Water Works serve?
Cottonwood Water Works serves approximately 3,570 people with drinking water across 4 ZIP codes.
What is Cottonwood Water Works's water source?
Cottonwood Water Works draws water from groundwater sources. Source type affects which contaminants are most likely to be present.
Is there lead in Cottonwood Water Works's water?
The maximum detected lead level is 0.0118 mg/L. This is within EPA action level guidelines.
What is the demographic profile of Cottonwood Water Works's service area?
The Cottonwood Water Works service area has a median household income of $52,191. EPA EJScreen data classifies 68% of the population as disadvantaged, which may indicate greater vulnerability to environmental health risks.
Where does Cottonwood Water Works get its water?
Cottonwood Water Works's water is pumped from underground aquifers. Groundwater is naturally filtered through rock and soil, but it can be vulnerable to PFAS contamination, nitrates from agriculture, and industrial chemicals that seep into the water table. Based on violation history and environmental factors, the source contamination risk is currently elevated.

What You Can Do

1

Test your water

Home test kits can detect lead, bacteria, and other contaminants at your tap. Find the right filter →

2

Check your specific ZIP code

Water quality can vary within a system. View nearest ZIP report →

3

Contact your utility

Cottonwood Water Works (EPA ID: AL0000677) — request the latest Consumer Confidence Report or ask about specific contaminants.

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