Lead Risk in Michigan: Housing, Water, LCRI Data
Avg lead: 0.0043 mg/L · 15 ZIP codes over EPA limit · 68% pre-1986 housing · Updated
Data: EPA Lead and Copper Rule, CDC, U.S. Census Bureau Last verified:
ZipCheckup's lead-risk reading for Michigan: 15 ZIP codes show tap lead above the EPA action level. Around 68% of homes predate the federal lead-solder ban.
Lead Testing Trend
Historical 90th percentile lead levels (ppb) from water systems in Michigan.
Source: EPA ECHO Lead and Copper Rule sampling data. Values in parts per billion (ppb).
City Water Quality Map: Michigan
Each circle represents a city. Size indicates population, color indicates water quality grade. Tap a circle for details.
Cities with Highest Lead Levels in Michigan
| # | City | Lead (mg/L) | Over Limit | Pre-1986 | Population | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Eau Claire | 0.0710 | 1 | 73% | 3,121 | Details → |
| 2 | Grand Blanc | 0.0690 | 1 | 53% | 52,071 | Details → |
| 3 | Fenton | 0.0690 | 1 | 51% | 38,731 | Details → |
| 4 | Cedar Springs | 0.0361 | 1 | 41% | 18,725 | Details → |
| 5 | Kent City | 0.0361 | 1 | 55% | 5,619 | Details → |
| 6 | Dimondale | 0.0340 | 1 | 61% | 6,180 | Details → |
| 7 | Harbor Springs | 0.0300 | 1 | 57% | 7,277 | Details → |
| 8 | Grosse Ile | 0.0192 | 1 | 68% | 10,603 | Details → |
| 9 | Michigan Center | 0.0190 | 1 | 83% | 3,617 | Details → |
| 10 | Inkster | 0.0176 | 1 | 90% | 25,602 | Details → |
Lead Risk Overview
The average 90th percentile lead level across Michigan water systems is 0.0043 mg/L - within EPA limits. Out of 675 ZIP codes with lead data, 15 exceed the EPA action level.
Housing Age and Lead Risk
Lead plumbing solder was banned in 1986. In Michigan, approximately 68% of housing was built before this date, creating elevated risk of lead in residential plumbing.
Lead can enter water through:
- Lead service lines connecting water mains to homes
- Lead solder joints in copper plumbing
- Brass fixtures and faucets containing up to 8% lead (pre-2014)
With 68% of housing stock pre-1986, Michigan has above-average risk from aging plumbing infrastructure. Targeted testing and service line replacement are priorities.
LCRI Funding and Service Line Replacement
The EPA's Lead and Copper Rule Improvements (LCRI) require water systems to inventory all service lines and replace lead lines within 10 years.
Federal funding for Michigan:
| Metric | Value |
|---|---|
| FY2025 allotment | $149.4M |
| Additional subsidy | 49% (grants/forgiveness) |
| National total | $3.0B |
Cities with Highest Lead Levels
| Rank | City | Lead Level (mg/L) | ZIPs Over Limit | Pre-1986 Housing | Population |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Eau Claire | 0.0710 EXCEEDS | 1 | 73% | 3,121 |
| 2 | Grand Blanc | 0.0690 EXCEEDS | 1 | 53% | 52,071 |
| 3 | Fenton | 0.0690 EXCEEDS | 1 | 51% | 38,731 |
| 4 | Cedar Springs | 0.0361 EXCEEDS | 1 | 41% | 18,725 |
| 5 | Kent City | 0.0361 EXCEEDS | 1 | 55% | 5,619 |
| 6 | Dimondale | 0.0340 EXCEEDS | 1 | 61% | 6,180 |
| 7 | Harbor Springs | 0.0300 EXCEEDS | 1 | 57% | 7,277 |
| 8 | Grosse Ile | 0.0192 EXCEEDS | 1 | 68% | 10,603 |
| 9 | Michigan Center | 0.0190 EXCEEDS | 1 | 83% | 3,617 |
| 10 | Inkster | 0.0176 EXCEEDS | 1 | 90% | 25,602 |
Health Effects of Lead Exposure
Lead exposure affects every organ system. Key health risks include:
Children: Developmental delays, reduced IQ, behavioral problems, slowed growth
Adults: Kidney damage, high blood pressure, reproductive issues, nerve disorders
Pregnant women: Lead crosses the placenta and affects fetal development
How to Test for Lead
- Contact your water utility - many offer free lead testing
- Use a certified test kit ($20-$50) from a hardware store
- Hire a certified lab ($150-$400) for comprehensive testing
- Run cold water for 2+ minutes before drinking, especially in the morning
- Install a NSF/ANSI 53-certified filter rated for lead removal
Data Sources
- Lead levels: EPA Lead and Copper Rule
- Blood lead: CDC National Lead Surveillance
- LCRI funding: EPA DWSRF allotments
- Housing age: U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey
Updated daily.
Concerned about lead in your water?
Lead levels vary by water system and housing age. Enter your ZIP code to see lead data specific to your area and find out if your water exceeds EPA limits.
Test Your Water for Lead →Frequently Asked Questions
Does Michigan have lead in its drinking water?
The average 90th percentile lead level across Michigan is 0.0043 mg/L (EPA action level: 0.015 mg/L). 15 ZIP codes exceed the EPA limit. Lead can enter water through older pipes and service lines even when source water is clean.
How old are homes in Michigan?
Approximately 68% of housing in Michigan was built before 1986, when lead solder was banned in plumbing. Older homes have higher risk of lead contamination from pipes, solder joints, and fixtures.
How much federal funding does Michigan receive for lead pipe replacement?
Michigan receives $149.4M in federal LCRI funding (FY2025) for lead service line inventory and replacement. 49% is available as grants or loan forgiveness.
How can I test my water for lead in Michigan?
Local water utilities in Michigan offer free or low-cost lead testing. Certified home test kits ($20-$50) and certified labs ($150-$400) are also available. Free testing is common, especially for homes built before 1986.