Infrastructure Risk Rankings 2026 — By ZIP Code

Eleven of the twenty-five highest-risk ZIP codes in the United States sit inside the borough of Brooklyn, New York — 11204, 11209, 11215, 11220, 11225, 11226, 11228, 11210, 11213, 11203, 11216, 11223, 11229, and 11230 spread across a borough where cast iron water mains were installed during the Roosevelt and Taft administrations and have been patching, not replacing, ever since. Four more cluster in Albany, New York: 12202, 12209, 12206, and 12210. And at the very top of the risk list, above every other ZIP code in the country, is Washington, DC: postal code 20317, failure probability 81.0%.

Welcome to the 2026 Infrastructure Risk Rankings. We analyzed 38,549 ZIP codes using federal and engineering data — EPA Safe Drinking Water Information System violation records, American Community Survey housing vintage data on the share of housing units built before 1980, state-level infrastructure funding gaps from the American Society of Civil Engineers, and EPA lead exposure records — and combined them into a single pipe failure probability score from 0% to 100%. The result is a ranking that answers one question: which U.S. ZIP codes face the highest modeled probability that their water delivery infrastructure will fail, leak, or degrade service in the near term.

What the data reveals. The geography of America's highest-risk ZIP codes follows the industrial waterline of the nineteenth century. The ZIP codes occupying the top of this list are not random accidents of data collection — they are the postal boundaries of cities whose water infrastructure was laid before the automobile, maintained through the Depression, and then left substantially in place as population and tax revenue declined after 1970. Brooklyn's water mains trace to the 1880s and 1890s; Albany's distribution system was substantially built out before World War II; Washington DC's oldest transmission lines include cast iron pipes dating to the Civil War era. When deindustrialization hollowed out the tax base of Northeastern and Rust Belt cities in the 1970s and 1980s, the capital investment that would have replaced those mains never materialized. What remained were aging pipes under streets that carry the full daily water demand of dense urban populations — with a funding gap per capita of $1,196 in New York and $2,320 in the District of Columbia.

The bottom of the list is just as revealing. The twenty-five lowest-risk ZIP codes are concentrated in communities that did not exist, or barely existed, before 1980. Kissimmee, Florida appears three times — 34759, 34747, and 34758 — representing master-planned subdivisions platted from orange groves in the 1980s and 1990s. North Port, Florida adds four more: 34286, 34291, 34289, and 34288 — a city incorporated in 1959 whose major residential buildout came decades later, with PVC and ductile iron pipe replacing the materials that define the risk leaders. The Villages (32163, 32162) and two Tampa subdivisions (33647, 33626) complete Florida's near-sweep of the safest tier. These communities share a common trait: their infrastructure funding gap per capita is $505, their housing stock is almost entirely post-1980, and their water systems have accumulated minimal violation history. Florida, Virginia, Tennessee, Texas, and Nevada dominate the low-risk table for the same underlying reason: post-1980 construction is simply newer pipe.

How to read this ranking. The failure probability shown here is a modeled estimate derived from structural and compliance inputs — it is not a measured failure rate or a real-time monitoring feed. A ZIP code scored at 74% is not guaranteed to experience a main break this year; it means that the combination of housing age, infrastructure funding shortfall, violation history, and lead exposure data for that area produces a risk profile consistent with systems that historically fail at elevated rates. The score tells you where structural vulnerability is concentrated. If you are evaluating a property, the ranking tells you which neighborhood warrants questions to the local utility about capital replacement schedules, line material, and recent repair history. If you are already living in one of these areas, the data is a starting point — not a final answer.

What this ranking does not tell you. It does not assess the condition of the private service line that runs from the street main to your building's meter — that segment is the homeowner's or landlord's responsibility in most jurisdictions, and its material (lead, galvanized steel, copper, or plastic) is not captured in this dataset. It does not measure the plumbing inside your walls. It does not account for utility-specific capital improvement programs that may have already replaced the highest-risk segments in a given ZIP code. And because infrastructure funding gap data is reported at the state level and apportioned by housing vintage, two ZIP codes with identical scores may face meaningfully different actual conditions depending on local utility investment. A score here is a flag for further investigation, not a substitute for it. See the rankings methodology for the full treatment.

38,549 ZIP codes analyzed · Data last refreshed 2026-04-12

40,048 ZIP codes analyzed · Worst score: 90.0%

25 Worst ZIP Codes

25 Best ZIP Codes

Rankings by State

Methodology

Infrastructure risk scores are based on pipe failure probability, calculated from state infrastructure funding gaps per capita, housing vintage (pre-1980 percentage), water system violation counts, enforcement actions, and lead exposure data. Data sources: EPA SDWIS, American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), American Community Survey.

Last updated: 2026-06-11.

Frequently Asked Questions

How are these rankings calculated?

Rankings are based on federal agency data including EPA, FEMA, USGS, and PHMSA. Each ZIP code receives a score based on the specific risk factors for this category. See the methodology section above for details.

How often are rankings updated?

Rankings are regenerated quarterly using the latest available data. The date shown reflects the most recent update.

Explore More 2026 Rankings

• Lead Risk Rankings 2026
• Wildfire Risk Rankings 2026
• Flood Risk Rankings 2026
• PFAS Contamination Rankings 2026
• School Safety Rankings 2026
• Mold Risk Rankings 2026
• Earthquake Risk Rankings 2026
• CO & Gas Safety Rankings 2026
• Superfund Risk Rankings 2026
• Air Quality Rankings 2026
• Home Safety Rankings 2026

See Also

• Water Safety Rankings 2026
• All Rankings
• Compare ZIP Codes