Jefferson County Water Quality: 68 Violations (WI)
16 water systems · 10 ZIP codes · Home Safety Score 62/100 (C) · 6 of 11 tracked ZIP records scored · Updated
Data: EPA Safe Drinking Water Information System (SDWIS), EPA ECHO Last verified:
Violation Trend
EPA violations across water systems in Jefferson County.
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Find the Right Filter →Water Quality Overview
Jefferson County has 16 community water systems across 10 directly mapped ZIP records. The systems report serving approximately 88,036 people. The available records contain 68 EPA violations, including 21 health-based violations.
Health-based violations account for 31% of all violations in Jefferson County. These violations indicate contaminant levels that may pose direct risks to human health.
Violation Breakdown
| Violation Type | Count | Percentage |
|---|---|---|
| Health-based | 21 | 30.9% |
| Monitoring/Reporting | 47 | 69.1% |
| Total | 68 | 100% |
Health-based violations indicate contaminant levels exceeding EPA Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCLs). Monitoring violations indicate failures to test or report.
Cities with Most Violations
| Rank | City | Violations | Health-Based | ZIP Codes | Population |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Jefferson | 19 | 8 | 1 | 9,901 |
| 2 | Johnson Creek | 12 | 1 | 1 | 4,319 |
| 3 | Helenville | 11 | 1 | 1 | 1,605 |
| 4 | Fort Atkinson | 10 | 8 | 1 | 18,604 |
| 5 | Cambridge | 7 | 2 | 1 | 5,077 |
| 6 | Watertown | 3 | 0 | 1 | 18,151 |
| 7 | Palmyra | 3 | 0 | 1 | 3,314 |
| 8 | Lake Mills | 2 | 1 | 1 | 9,485 |
| 9 | Waterloo | 1 | 0 | 1 | 5,187 |
Violation Trend
Year-by-year EPA violations across water systems in Jefferson County:
| Year | Total | Health-Based |
|---|---|---|
| 2021 | 1 | 1 |
| 2022 | 3 | 3 |
| 2023 | 8 | 8 |
| 2024 | 14 | 14 |
| 2025 | 5 | 5 |
Most Common Contaminants
| Contaminant | Category | Violations | ZIPs Affected | Health-Based |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gross Beta | Radionuclides | 14 | 2 | Yes |
| Surface Water Treatment Rule | Treatment Technique | 12 | 3 | No |
| Combined Radium | Radionuclides | 9 | 3 | No |
| Lead and Copper Rule | Treatment Technique | 8 | 4 | No |
| Stage 1 DBP Rule | Treatment Technique | 7 | 6 | Yes |
| Stage 2 DBP Rule | Treatment Technique | 5 | 4 | Yes |
| Total Trihalomethanes (TTHM) | Disinfection Byproducts | 1 | 1 | No |
| Haloacetic Acids (HAA5) | Disinfection Byproducts | 1 | 1 | No |
| Lead | Inorganic | 1 | 1 | No |
Water Data and the Home Safety Score
This page reports EPA water-system facts without converting the broader Home Safety Score into a drinking-water grade. The county Home Safety grade (C) is a separate multi-source index that also requires PFAS screening, radon, and annual air-quality evidence. Check each ZIP report for the versioned score and its component coverage.
Water Systems in Jefferson County
Jefferson County is served by 16 community water systems, averaging 1.5 systems per ZIP code. Each system is independently regulated and tested by the EPA. Larger systems serving more people typically have more extensive monitoring requirements.
Water systems in Jefferson County source water from a mix of surface water (rivers, reservoirs) and groundwater (wells, aquifers). Source type affects which contaminants are most likely to be detected.
How to Check Your Water in Jefferson County
Enter your ZIP code on ZipCheckup for detailed water-system data including contaminant levels and violation history; the Home Safety Score is shown separately with its model version
Request your CCR — every water utility must provide an annual Consumer Confidence Report
Get a home test — certified kits ($20-$50) or professional lab tests ($150-$400) can detect contaminants not covered by routine testing
Consider filtration — NSF-certified filters can address specific contaminants found in your area
Check for lead — homes built before 1986 should test for lead regardless of utility compliance
EPA Enforcement
The EPA and state regulators have taken 89 enforcement actions against water systems in Jefferson County. Enforcement actions range from compliance assistance and administrative orders to formal penalties. Systems under enforcement are required to remediate violations and may face ongoing monitoring requirements.
Data Sources
- Water quality: EPA Safe Drinking Water Information System (SDWIS)
- Enforcement: EPA ECHO
Source publication schedules vary. See the page source and verification fields for available timing evidence.
Water Quality by ZIP Code in Jefferson County
Water quality varies across Jefferson County's 10 ZIP codes. Check your specific ZIP for detailed contaminant data.
| ZIP Code | City | Violations | Health | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 53549 | Jefferson | 19 | 8 | View → |
| 53038 | Johnson Creek | 12 | 1 | View → |
| 53137 | Helenville | 11 | 1 | View → |
| 53538 | Fort Atkinson | 10 | 8 | View → |
| 53523 | Cambridge | 7 | 2 | View → |
| 53094 | Watertown | 3 | 0 | View → |
| 53156 | Palmyra | 3 | 0 | View → |
| 53551 | Lake Mills | 2 | 1 | View → |
| 53594 | Waterloo | 1 | 0 | View → |
| 53036 | Ixonia | 0 | 0 | View → |
What are EPA health violations?
Health-based violations mean a contaminant was detected above the EPA's Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) - the legal limit designed to protect human health. Jefferson County has 21 such violations. Not all violations cause illness, but repeated exceedances increase risk, especially for children and immunocompromised individuals.
Water facts and the Home Safety Score
The score shown here is the broader Home Safety Score, not a water-quality grade. Model 4.0.0 combines EPA SDWIS identity plus accepted ECHO SDWA lifecycle-based water compliance, PFAS screening, radon zones, and annual air-quality evidence. Jefferson County has a score of 62/100 (Grade C) across 6 scored of 11 tracked ZIP records.
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Find the Right Filter →Frequently Asked Questions
Is the tap water safe in Jefferson County, Wisconsin?
Jefferson County has 16 community water systems with 68 recorded EPA violations, including 21 health-based. Water quality varies by ZIP code - check your specific location for detailed results.
How many water violations does Jefferson County have?
Jefferson County has 68 total EPA violations across 10 directly mapped ZIP records. 21 are health-based.
Which city in Jefferson County has the most water violations?
Jefferson has the most violations in Jefferson County with 19 recorded EPA violations across 1 ZIP code.
What contaminants are found in Jefferson County water?
Jefferson County water systems are monitored for over 90 EPA-regulated contaminants including lead, copper, nitrates, disinfection byproducts, and bacteria. Check your ZIP code for contaminant-specific data.
How can I test my water in Jefferson County?
Contact your local water utility for free or low-cost testing. You can also use a certified home test kit ($20-$50) or hire a certified lab ($150-$400).