Water System Report VA

Caroline Correctional Unit #2

EPA ID: VA6033150 · 175 people served · 5 ZIP codes

Compared to the national average for mid-size utilities, Caroline Correctional Unit #2 sits well above the baseline — five years of EPA monitoring show no violations, no MCL exceedances, and no enforcement actions for the full service territory of 175 people.

Data: EPA SDWIS Last verified: 2026-04-02

C · 66
Avg Safety Score
175
People Served
5
ZIP Codes Served
0
Violations (5yr)
Groundwater
Water Source
0.0343 mg/L
Max Lead Level — Exceeds Limit
Zone 3
Radon Risk · Low
0
Contaminants Flagged

Service Area Map

Coverage area for Caroline Correctional Unit #2 Source: EPA SDWIS service area boundaries.

Service area boundary — Grade C

Service Area Demographics

$72,339
Median Household Income
2,934
Service Area Population
45%
Disadvantaged Population
60th
Poverty Percentile
88th
Energy Burden Percentile
67%
Pre-1986 Housing

The Caroline Correctional Unit #2 serves a community with a median household income of $72,339 and an estimated 2,934 residents across its service area. Approximately 67% of housing stock was built before 1986, which increases the likelihood of lead service lines and older plumbing.

Environmental Justice Note: 45% of the population in this service area is classified as disadvantaged under EPA's EJScreen criteria. Communities with higher disadvantaged populations often face disproportionate environmental and health burdens, including aging water infrastructure and limited resources for remediation.

💧 Where Does Your Water Come From?

Groundwater

Caroline Correctional Unit #2's water is pumped from underground aquifers. Groundwater is naturally filtered through rock and soil, but it can be vulnerable to PFAS contamination, nitrates from agriculture, and industrial chemicals that seep into the water table.

Moderate Risk
Source Contamination Risk
52th
Wastewater Discharge Proximity
54th
Superfund Site Proximity

About 0% of homes in Richmond County, Virginia rely on private wells rather than public water systems. Private well owners are responsible for their own water testing and treatment.

Infrastructure Risk

52 yr
Avg Pipe Age
Copper
Pipe Material
19 yr
Est. Remaining Life
Stable
Decay Status
Installed 73% of expected lifespan used End of life

PFAS Detected in Service Area

PFAS ("forever chemicals") have been detected in water serving this system's area. 3 detections recorded.

State limits: PFOA: 0.012 ppt, PFOS: 0.012 ppt, PFBS: 0.14 ppt, HFPO-DA: 0.08 ppt
Health concern: PFAS are linked to cancer, thyroid disease, immune suppression, and developmental effects. They do not break down naturally.
Recommended filter: Reverse osmosis (RO) or activated carbon filters certified for PFAS removal. Find the right filter →

Comparable Water Systems

Similar-sized systems in Virginia

Woodland Avenue Ext
179 people
0 violations
0 violations
0 violations
Scots Landing
183 people
0 violations
0 violations

Estimated Remediation Costs

Average estimated costs across ZIP codes served by this system

Flood Insurance PFAS Treatment
Flood Insurance $900
PFAS Treatment $250
Total Estimated Cost $1,150

Based on national averages for common remediation projects. Actual costs vary by property. Only issues flagged by EPA, FEMA, or state data for each ZIP code are included.

Cost of Inaction

If water quality issues in this service area are not addressed, the estimated financial impact per household is:

Lead Exposure — Child Lifetime Cost $10,000

Per affected child (EPA est.)

PFAS Exposure — Lifetime Cost $1,000

Per person (emerging research est.)

Estimated Cumulative Cost Per Household

5 years
$2,945
10 years
$5,890
20 years
$11,780

Compare: Estimated remediation cost is $1,150 (one-time) vs. $5,890 in estimated inaction costs over 10 years.

Estimates based on published EPA, CDC, and peer-reviewed research. Individual costs vary by household size, property, and health factors. These are conservative lower-bound estimates intended for awareness, not financial advice.

System Overview

CAROLINE CORRECTIONAL UNIT #2 (EPA ID: VA6033150) is a community water system in Virginia that serves approximately 175 people from groundwater sources.

This system provides water to 5 ZIP codes across 5 communities.

Average Home Safety Score: C (66/100)

Based on water quality violations, lead levels, and radon risk across all ZIP codes served by this system.

Violation History

No violations recorded — This water system has no recorded EPA violations in the past 5 years.

Lead & Copper

EPA Lead and Copper Rule sampling data for ZIP codes served by this system:

ZIP Code Lead Level Exceeds Limit Sample Date
22472 0.0343 mg/L Yes N/A
Lead exceeds EPA action level in at least one sampling location. Consider using a certified NSF/ANSI 53 or NSF/ANSI 58 filter rated for lead removal.

Radon Risk in Service Area

Dominant radon zone for ZIP codes served by this system: Zone 3 (Low Risk)

Need help with your water quality?

Typical cost: Water test: typically $20–$50 (DIY kit) · Professional inspection: $150–$400

Find the Right Water Filter

Free tip: Let cold water run for 2 minutes before drinking — this helps flush lead from your pipes.

ZIP Codes Served

Data Sources

This report uses public data from the EPA Safe Drinking Water Information System (SDWIS). View the full compliance record for Caroline Correctional Unit #2 (VA6033150) on EPA.gov.

Frequently Asked Questions

Is Caroline Correctional Unit #2 water safe to drink?

Based on EPA records, Caroline Correctional Unit #2 has no recorded violations in the past 5 years — a positive indicator of water quality management.

How many people does Caroline Correctional Unit #2 serve?

Caroline Correctional Unit #2 serves approximately 175 people across 5 ZIP codes in Virginia.

Where does Caroline Correctional Unit #2 get its water?

The primary water source is groundwater.

Lead Service Line Inventory

Service line breakdown reported under the federal Lead and Copper Rule Improvements (LCRI) inventory requirement:

0
Confirmed Lead
0
Galvanized — Replacement Required
0
Unknown Material
9
Confirmed Non-Lead

This system reports zero confirmed lead service lines in its inventory. Unknown-material counts may still warrant verification.

Federal LCRI rule (effective October 2024) requires every public water system to inventory its service lines and complete lead-line replacement within 10 years.

Federal Regulatory Status · 2026Q1
LCRR inventory submission: Reported all required service line types
Latest tap sample on 2025-07-01 did not exceed the federal lead action level.
Population served: 175
Reported to Virginia

Source: EPA SDWIS Federal Service Line Inventory (Phase 2) · Submitted 2026

ZipCheckup is not affiliated with the utility or state agency. Inventory figures render verbatim from the public LCRI submission cited above; ZipCheckup does not perform inspections or replacements.

Learn about lead in drinking water →

Frequently Asked Questions

Is water from Caroline Correctional Unit #2 safe to drink?
Caroline Correctional Unit #2 has a C safety grade based on 0 recorded violations. Some contaminants may exceed EPA limits — independent testing is recommended.
Should I use a water filter?
Caroline Correctional Unit #2 meets EPA standards, but a water filter can reduce trace contaminants below detectable levels for added peace of mind.
How many people does Caroline Correctional Unit #2 serve?
Caroline Correctional Unit #2 serves approximately 175 people with drinking water across 5 ZIP codes.
What is Caroline Correctional Unit #2's water source?
Caroline Correctional Unit #2 draws water from groundwater sources. Source type affects which contaminants are most likely to be present.
Is there lead in Caroline Correctional Unit #2's water?
The maximum detected lead level is 0.0343 mg/L. This exceeds the EPA action level of 0.015 mg/L. A lead-certified filter is recommended, especially for homes with young children.
What is the demographic profile of Caroline Correctional Unit #2's service area?
The Caroline Correctional Unit #2 service area has a median household income of $72,339. EPA EJScreen data classifies 45% of the population as disadvantaged, which may indicate greater vulnerability to environmental health risks.
Where does Caroline Correctional Unit #2 get its water?
Caroline Correctional Unit #2's water is pumped from underground aquifers. Groundwater is naturally filtered through rock and soil, but it can be vulnerable to PFAS contamination, nitrates from agriculture, and industrial chemicals that seep into the water table. Based on available data, the source contamination risk is moderate.

What You Can Do

1

Test your water

Home test kits can detect lead, bacteria, and other contaminants at your tap. Find the right filter →

2

Check your specific ZIP code

Water quality can vary within a system. View nearest ZIP report →

3

Contact your utility

Caroline Correctional Unit #2 (EPA ID: VA6033150) — request the latest Consumer Confidence Report or ask about specific contaminants.

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