Health Violations Found NY 13 HEALTH VIOLATIONS

Ocwa

EPA ID: NY3304336 · 350,000 people served · 69 ZIP codes

Federal compliance records for Ocwa list 5 open violations that have not yet been resolved — the utility serves approximately 350,000 people, and each outstanding finding remains logged and active in the EPA enforcement database.

Data: EPA SDWIS Last verified: 2026-04-02

D · 46
Avg Safety Score
350,000
People Served
69
ZIP Codes Served
19
Violations (5yr)
Surface Water
Water Source
0.007 mg/L
Max Lead Level
Zone 1
Radon Risk · High
14
Contaminants Flagged
$169K
Median Home Value in Service Area

Compliance Trajectory

Stable · Risk tier: High · 95% chance of violation in next 12 months

Violations went from 39 (2021) to 1 (2025). Violation counts have remained relatively steady.

Service Area Map

Coverage area for Ocwa Source: EPA SDWIS service area boundaries.

Service area boundary — Grade D

Service Area Demographics

$78,550
Median Household Income
606,156
Service Area Population
33%
Disadvantaged Population
42th
Poverty Percentile
48th
Energy Burden Percentile
75%
Pre-1986 Housing

The Ocwa serves a community with a median household income of $78,550 and an estimated 606,156 residents across its service area. Approximately 75% of housing stock was built before 1986, which increases the likelihood of lead service lines and older plumbing.

Environmental Justice Note: 33% of the population in this service area is classified as disadvantaged under EPA's EJScreen criteria. Communities with higher disadvantaged populations often face disproportionate environmental and health burdens, including aging water infrastructure and limited resources for remediation.

🌊 Where Does Your Water Come From?

Surface Water

Ocwa's water is drawn from rivers, lakes, or reservoirs. Surface water sources are more exposed to agricultural runoff, stormwater, and upstream discharges, but they typically receive more intensive treatment before reaching your tap.

Elevated Risk
Source Contamination Risk
41th
Wastewater Discharge Proximity
66th
Superfund Site Proximity

About 1% of homes in Onondaga County, New York rely on private wells rather than public water systems. Private well owners are responsible for their own water testing and treatment.

Superfund Proximity Note: This service area ranks in the 66th percentile nationally for proximity to Superfund (NPL) sites.

Infrastructure Risk

60 yr
Avg Pipe Age
Galvanized Steel or Copper
Pipe Material
11 yr
Est. Remaining Life
Accelerating Decay
Decay Status
Installed 85% of expected lifespan used End of life

Detected Contaminants

How Ocwa compares to EPA limits

Lead 3 mg/L (action level) (EXCEEDS LIMIT)
0 EPA Limit: 0.015 mg/L (action level)
Brain damage in children, kidney & blood pressure in adults
Total Trihalomethanes (TTHM) 4 mg/L (EXCEEDS LIMIT)
0 EPA Limit: 0.08 mg/L
Bladder & rectal cancer risk; reproductive concerns
Barium 9 mg/L (EXCEEDS LIMIT)
0 EPA Limit: 2 mg/L

What This Means For You

Lead at 3 mg/L (action level) exceeds the EPA maximum of 0.015 mg/L (action level). Brain damage in children, kidney & blood pressure in adults. Consider reverse osmosis filtration.

Total Trihalomethanes (TTHM) at 4 mg/L exceeds the EPA maximum of 0.08 mg/L. Bladder & rectal cancer risk; reproductive concerns. Consider granular activated carbon (GAC) filtration.

Consumer Confidence Report Rule at 7 mg/L exceeds the EPA maximum of mg/L.

E. coli at 5 Zero tolerance (any positive sample triggers immediate action) exceeds the EPA maximum of Zero tolerance (any positive sample triggers immediate action). Severe GI illness; potentially fatal kidney failure in children. Consider UV disinfection (99.99%) filtration.

Barium at 9 mg/L exceeds the EPA maximum of 2 mg/L.

PFAS Detected in Service Area

PFAS ("forever chemicals") have been detected in water serving this system's area. 56 detections recorded.

State limits: PFOA: 0.01 ppt, PFOS: 0.01 ppt
Health concern: PFAS are linked to cancer, thyroid disease, immune suppression, and developmental effects. They do not break down naturally.
Recommended filter: Reverse osmosis (RO) or activated carbon filters certified for PFAS removal. Find the right filter →

Lead was detected in this water system. reverse osmosis filtration can reduce exposure.

Find a certified water filter →

Comparable Water Systems

Similar-sized systems in New York

Ecwa Direct
335,000 people
C 18 violations
Buffalo Water Authority
276,000 people
C 18 violations
Veolia Water New York
270,000 people
C 14 violations
C 3 violations
Rochester City
214,000 people
B 67 violations

Estimated Remediation Costs

Average estimated costs across ZIP codes served by this system

Radon Mitigation Flood Insurance PFAS Treatment Water Filtration
Radon Mitigation $1,020
Flood Insurance $1,000
PFAS Treatment $399
Water Filtration $296
Total Estimated Cost $2,714

Based on national averages for common remediation projects. Actual costs vary by property. Only issues flagged by EPA, FEMA, or state data for each ZIP code are included.

Cost of Inaction

If water quality issues in this service area are not addressed, the estimated financial impact per household is:

Estimated Healthcare Costs $1,500

Annual per household (CDC est.)

Estimated Property Value Decline $8,438

5% of median home value (EPA est.)

PFAS Exposure — Lifetime Cost $1,000

Per person (emerging research est.)

Estimated Cumulative Cost Per Household

5 years
$11,885
10 years
$23,770
20 years
$47,540

Compare: Estimated remediation cost is $2,714 (one-time) vs. $23,770 in estimated inaction costs over 10 years.

Estimates based on published EPA, CDC, and peer-reviewed research. Individual costs vary by household size, property, and health factors. These are conservative lower-bound estimates intended for awareness, not financial advice.

System Overview

OCWA (EPA ID: NY3304336) is a community water system in New York that serves approximately 350,000 people from surface water sources.

This system provides water to 69 ZIP codes across 41 communities.

Average Home Safety Score: D (46/100)

Based on water quality violations, lead levels, and radon risk across all ZIP codes served by this system.

Violation History

13 health-based violations recorded in the past 5 years. 5 remain unresolved.

Recent Violations

Date Contaminant Type Status
July 1, 2025 Unknown Monitoring Resolved
June 1, 2025 Unknown Monitoring Resolved
May 1, 2025 Unknown Monitoring Resolved
April 1, 2025 Unknown Monitoring Resolved
April 1, 2025 Total Trihalomethanes (TTHM) Monitoring Resolved
February 1, 2025 Unknown Monitoring Resolved
January 1, 2025 Total Trihalomethanes (TTHM) Monitoring Resolved
December 1, 2024 Unknown Monitoring Resolved
November 1, 2024 Unknown Monitoring Resolved
October 17, 2024 Stage 2 DBP Rule Health-based Unresolved
October 17, 2024 Stage 2 DBP Rule Monitoring Unresolved
October 1, 2024 Consumer Confidence Report Rule Monitoring Resolved
September 1, 2024 Unknown Monitoring Resolved
June 1, 2024 Contaminant 0800 Health-based Resolved
February 1, 2024 Consumer Confidence Report Rule Monitoring Resolved
January 1, 2024 Total Trihalomethanes (TTHM) Monitoring Unresolved
January 1, 2024 E. coli Health-based Resolved
January 1, 2024 Contaminant 2049 Monitoring Resolved
January 1, 2024 Lead Monitoring Resolved
October 1, 2023 Consumer Confidence Report Rule Monitoring Resolved

Contaminants Detected

The following contaminants have been flagged in EPA records for this water system:

Contaminant Category Violations Health-Based
Barium Inorganic 9 Yes
Consumer Confidence Report Rule Reporting Failure 7 Yes
E. coli Microbiological 5 Yes
Total Trihalomethanes (TTHM) Disinfection Byproducts 4 Yes
Lead Inorganic 3 No
Contaminant 2049 Other Violation 3 No
Contaminant 2829 Other Violation 2 No
Stage 2 DBP Rule Treatment Failure 2 Yes
Nitrate Inorganic 1 No
Contaminant 1052 Other Violation 1 No
Contaminant 1920 Other Violation 1 No
Contaminant 2454 Other Violation 1 No
Contaminant 2806 Other Violation 1 No
Contaminant 0800 Other Violation 1 Yes

Health Risk Details

E. coli (EPA limit: Zero tolerance (any positive sample triggers immediate action))

Severe GI illness; potentially fatal kidney failure in children At-risk groups: children under 5, elderly, immunocompromised individuals, pregnant women.

Removal methods: UV disinfection (99.99%), chlorination, reverse osmosis. Find the right filter →

Total Trihalomethanes (TTHM) (EPA limit: 0.08 mg/L)

Bladder & rectal cancer risk; reproductive concerns At-risk groups: pregnant women, long-term consumers of chlorinated water, people who frequently shower in chlorinated water.

Removal methods: granular activated carbon (GAC), carbon block filter, point-of-entry aeration. Find the right filter →

Lead & Copper

EPA Lead and Copper Rule sampling data for ZIP codes served by this system:

ZIP Code Lead Level Exceeds Limit Sample Date
13201 0.007 mg/L No N/A
13204 0.007 mg/L No N/A
13205 0.007 mg/L No N/A
13206 0.007 mg/L No N/A
13208 0.007 mg/L No N/A
13209 0.007 mg/L No N/A
13211 0.007 mg/L No N/A
13212 0.007 mg/L No N/A
13214 0.007 mg/L No N/A
13215 0.007 mg/L No N/A
13217 0.007 mg/L No N/A
13218 0.007 mg/L No N/A
13219 0.007 mg/L No N/A
13220 0.007 mg/L No N/A
13221 0.007 mg/L No N/A
13225 0.007 mg/L No N/A
13235 0.007 mg/L No N/A
13250 0.007 mg/L No N/A
13251 0.007 mg/L No N/A
13252 0.007 mg/L No N/A

Radon Risk in Service Area

Dominant radon zone for ZIP codes served by this system: Zone 1 (High Risk)

The EPA recommends testing homes in Zone 1 and Zone 2 areas for radon.

Need help with your water quality?

Typical cost: Water test: typically $20–$50 (DIY kit) · Professional inspection: $150–$400

Find the Right Water Filter

Free tip: Let cold water run for 2 minutes before drinking — this helps flush lead from your pipes.

ZIP Codes Served

Coverage: 51 ZIP codes confirmed via EPA Community Water System Service Area Boundaries v3 plus 18 additional ZIPs inferred from SDWIS registry data. The EPA-confirmed set is the most reliable; SDWIS-inferred entries may be narrower than the real deployment area.

This system serves 69 ZIP codes:

13027 · 13029 · 13030 · 13031 · 13032 13035 · 13036 · 13037 · 13039 · 13041 13042 · 13057 · 13060 · 13066 · 13069 13074 · 13076 · 13078 · 13080 · 13082 13084 · 13088 · 13090 · 13104 · 13108 13110 · 13112 · 13115 · 13116 · 13120 13126 · 13131 · 13132 · 13135 · 13152 13157 · 13159 · 13164 · 13167 · 13201 13202 · 13203 · 13204 · 13205 · 13206 13207 · 13208 · 13209 · 13210 · 13211 13212 · 13214 · 13215 · 13217 · 13218 13219 · 13220 · 13221 · 13224 · 13225 13235 · 13244 · 13250 · 13251 · 13252 13261 · 13290 · 13308 · 13316

Data Sources

This report uses public data from the EPA Safe Drinking Water Information System (SDWIS). View the full compliance record for Ocwa (NY3304336) on EPA.gov.

Frequently Asked Questions

Is Ocwa water safe to drink?

Ocwa has recorded 13 health-based violations in the past 5 years. While the system is required to treat water to meet federal standards, you may want to consider additional precautions such as a certified water filter.

How many people does Ocwa serve?

Ocwa serves approximately 350,000 people across 69 ZIP codes in New York.

Where does Ocwa get its water?

The primary water source is surface water.

Federal UCMR5 PFAS Monitoring: Detected

This water system was tested under the federal EPA Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule (UCMR5). PFAS compounds were detected below the current state-enforceable MCL.

Samples collected
348
Detections
1
Latest sample
9/19/2023
Highest analyte
PFBA: 5.6 ppt
Analyte Max detected Current MCL Status
PFBA 5.6 ppt

Current MCL reflects the lowest state-enforceable limit (NYS 10 ppt for PFOA/PFOS, effective August 2020). The federal final MCL of 4 ppt for PFOA/PFOS (EPA April 2024 rule) is not enforceable until April 2029. Detections above 4 ppt but below 10 ppt are below current MCL but above the future federal limit.

Source: U.S. EPA UCMR5 (Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule, 5th cycle) — per-system federal sampling, 2023–2025. EPA UCMR5 monitoring program →

Understand PFAS health context and filtration →

Lead Service Line Inventory

Service line breakdown reported under the federal Lead and Copper Rule Improvements (LCRI) inventory requirement:

400
Confirmed Lead
3,495
Galvanized — Replacement Required
72,099
Unknown Material
40,515
Confirmed Non-Lead

Federal LCRI rule (effective October 2024) requires every public water system to inventory its service lines and complete lead-line replacement within 10 years.

Federal Regulatory Status · 2026Q1
LCRR inventory submission: Reported all required service line types
Latest tap sample on 2025-01-01 did not exceed the federal lead action level.
Population served: 350,000
Reported to New York

Source: EPA SDWIS Federal Service Line Inventory (Phase 2) · Submitted 2026

ZipCheckup is not affiliated with the utility or state agency. Inventory figures render verbatim from the public LCRI submission cited above; ZipCheckup does not perform inspections or replacements.

Learn about lead in drinking water →

Frequently Asked Questions

Is water from Ocwa safe to drink?
Ocwa has a D safety grade based on 19 recorded violations. Some contaminants may exceed EPA limits — independent testing is recommended.
What contaminants are in Ocwa's water?
Detected contaminants include Lead, Total Trihalomethanes (TTHM), Consumer Confidence Report Rule, E. coli. Each is compared against EPA maximum contaminant levels (MCLs) in the detailed breakdown above.
Should I use a water filter?
Given 5 contaminants above EPA limits, a certified water filter can provide an extra layer of protection. The best type depends on specific contaminants in your water.
How many people does Ocwa serve?
Ocwa serves approximately 350,000 people with drinking water across 69 ZIP codes.
What is Ocwa's water source?
Ocwa draws water from surface water sources. Source type affects which contaminants are most likely to be present.
Is there lead in Ocwa's water?
The maximum detected lead level is 0.007 mg/L. This is within EPA action level guidelines.
What is the demographic profile of Ocwa's service area?
The Ocwa service area has a median household income of $78,550. EPA EJScreen data classifies 33% of the population as disadvantaged, which may indicate greater vulnerability to environmental health risks.
Where does Ocwa get its water?
Ocwa's water is drawn from rivers, lakes, or reservoirs. Surface water sources are more exposed to agricultural runoff, stormwater, and upstream discharges, but they typically receive more intensive treatment before reaching your tap. Based on violation history and environmental factors, the source contamination risk is currently elevated.

What You Can Do

1

Test your water

Home test kits can detect lead, bacteria, and other contaminants at your tap. Find the right filter →

2

Check your specific ZIP code

Water quality can vary within a system. View nearest ZIP report →

3

Contact your utility

Ocwa (EPA ID: NY3304336) — request the latest Consumer Confidence Report or ask about specific contaminants.

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