Lead Exceeds EPA Limit at Independence Unified School District 446 (KS)
7 ZIP codes · 15 water systems · 17,820 people served
ZipCheckup's reading of EPA drinking-water data for Independence Unified School District 446: 43 unresolved violations in the water systems serving this district.
Data: ZipCheckup Home Safety Score model 4.0.0, EPA SDWIS and UCMR 5, EPA radon zones, EPA AirData, NCES
Why School Water Quality Matters
Children drink 2–4× more water per pound of body weight than adults, making them more vulnerable to contaminants. School water quality affects students for hours every weekday.
Home Safety and Water Evidence Overview
The Independence Unified School District 446 in Kansas spans 7 ZIP codes. This materialization has canonical Home Safety Scores for 0 ZIP records and typed EPA water violation counts for 6 ZIP records. Missing evidence is not treated as zero.
The deduplicated primary-system served-population sum is 17,820 across 6 water systems. This is not the district resident population.
Water quality in this district ranks better than 58% of ZIP codes nationally.
Why This Matters for Children
Children are more vulnerable to water contaminants than adults. The EPA and CDC identify these key risks:
- Lead exposure - Even low levels of lead can affect brain development, reduce IQ, and cause behavioral problems in children. There is no safe level of lead for children.
- PFAS ("forever chemicals") - Linked to immune system effects and developmental delays in children. Children drink more water relative to body weight than adults.
- Nitrate - Dangerous for infants (can cause "blue baby syndrome"). Agricultural areas often have elevated nitrate.
- Disinfection byproducts - Long-term exposure may increase cancer risk. School water fountains often have stagnant water that concentrates these compounds.
Lead Levels in the District
| Metric | Value | EPA Threshold |
|---|---|---|
| Average lead level (90th percentile) | 0.0059 mg/L | 0.015 mg/L |
| Highest lead level | 0.0154 mg/L | 0.015 mg/L EXCEEDS |
| ZIP records exceeding EPA action level | 1 of 6 with known status | - |
EPA Violation History
Contaminants of Concern
| Contaminant | Category | Violations | Health-Based | ZIPs Affected |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Consumer Confidence Report Rule | Reporting | 29 | Yes | 6 |
| Stage 1 DBP Rule | Treatment Technique | 26 | No | 5 |
| Revised Total Coliform Rule | Microbiological | 24 | No | 6 |
| Haloacetic Acids (HAA5) | Disinfection Byproducts | 20 | Yes | 6 |
| Stage 2 DBP Rule | Treatment Technique | 19 | No | 6 |
| Lead and Copper Rule | Treatment Technique | 16 | No | 4 |
| Total Trihalomethanes (TTHM) | Disinfection Byproducts | 11 | Yes | 6 |
| E. coli | Microbiological | 6 | No | 2 |
Radon Risk
Dominant radon zone: Zone 2 (Moderate risk)
Water Facts and Home Safety Score by ZIP Code
| ZIP Code | City | Home Safety Score | EPA Violations | Health | Lead Level | Exceeds? |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 67301 | Independence | N/A | 52 | 5 | 0.01 mg/L | No |
| 67333 | Caney | N/A | 51 | 8 | 0.0029 mg/L | No |
| 67335 | Cherryvale | N/A | 28 | 0 | 0.004 mg/L | No |
| 67344 | Elk City | N/A | 16 | 0 | 0 mg/L | No |
| 66757 | Neodesha | N/A | 13 | 0 | 0.0154 mg/L | Yes |
| 67347 | Havana | N/A | 5 | 0 | 0.0029 mg/L | No |
| 67363 | Sycamore | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
What Parents Can Do
- Request lead testing at your child's school - The EPA's 3Ts program (Training, Testing, Taking Action) provides guidance for schools. Ask your school board about their water testing schedule.
- Review the Consumer Confidence Report (CCR) - Your water utility publishes this annually. It details all detected contaminants.
- Consider a water filter for your home - NSF/ANSI 53 or NSF/ANSI 58 (reverse osmosis) filters are certified to remove lead. This is especially important for infant formula preparation.
- Pack water from home - If you're concerned about school water quality, send your child with a water bottle filled at home (filtered if possible).
- Stay informed - Bookmark this page to check for updates on water quality in your school district.
Need help with school water quality?
Typical cost: Water test: typically $20–$50 (DIY kit) · Professional inspection: $150–$400
Find the Right Water FilterFree tip: Let cold water run for 2 minutes before drinking — this helps flush lead from your pipes.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is the water safe in Independence Unified School District 446 schools?
EPA system-level records associated with Independence Unified School District 446 show 13 health-based violations across 6 ZIP records with known health counts and 1 of 6 ZIP records with known status above the EPA lead action level. These records do not measure individual school taps. Parents should request current building-level testing results from the school district.
Does Independence Unified School District 446 test for lead in school water?
Federal law does not require schools to test for lead in drinking water (except in some states with specific mandates). The EPA's voluntary 3Ts program encourages testing. Contact your school district office to ask about their testing schedule and results.
What level of lead is safe for children?
There is no safe level of lead for children, according to the CDC. The EPA action level of 0.015 mg/L (15 ppb) triggers corrective action for water systems, but the American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that school water contain no more than 0.001 mg/L (1 ppb).
Data Sources
- Water quality: EPA Safe Drinking Water Information System (SDWIS)
- Lead/copper: EPA Lead and Copper Rule sampling data
- School districts: NCES EDGE Geographic Relationship Files
- Radon: EPA Map of Radon Zones
Updated daily.