PFAS Detected in De Soto Unified School District 232 (KS)
8 ZIP codes · 8 water systems · 3,041,463 people served · Updated 2026-07-23
ZipCheckup's reading of EPA drinking-water data for De Soto Unified School District 232: 2 unresolved violations in the water systems serving this district.
Data: EPA SDWIS, NCES Last verified: 2026-07-23
Why School Water Quality Matters
Children drink 2–4× more water per pound of body weight than adults, making them more vulnerable to contaminants. School water quality affects students for hours every weekday.
Water Quality Overview
The De Soto Unified School District 232 in Kansas spans 8 ZIP codes served by 8 community water systems, providing water to approximately 3,041,463 people.
The average Home Safety Score across the district is D (53/100)
- with the lowest-scoring area at 45/100 .
Water quality in this district falls in the bottom 85% nationally.
Why This Matters for Children
Children are more vulnerable to water contaminants than adults. The EPA and CDC identify these key risks:
- Lead exposure - Even low levels of lead can affect brain development, reduce IQ, and cause behavioral problems in children. There is no safe level of lead for children.
- PFAS ("forever chemicals") - Linked to immune system effects and developmental delays in children. Children drink more water relative to body weight than adults.
- Nitrate - Dangerous for infants (can cause "blue baby syndrome"). Agricultural areas often have elevated nitrate.
- Disinfection byproducts - Long-term exposure may increase cancer risk. School water fountains often have stagnant water that concentrates these compounds.
Lead Levels in the District
| Metric | Value | EPA Threshold |
|---|---|---|
| Average lead level (90th percentile) | 0.0061 mg/L | 0.015 mg/L |
| Highest lead level | 0.011 mg/L | 0.015 mg/L |
| ZIP codes exceeding EPA action level | 0 of 8 | - |
PFAS Contamination
Detected compounds: PFBA, PFBS.
Highest measured level: 0.0071 µg/L.
PFAS can accumulate in the body over time. Children's higher water intake relative to body weight makes them particularly susceptible. Reverse osmosis filters (NSF/ANSI 58) are the most effective at removing PFAS.
Learn more about PFAS in drinking water →
EPA Violation History
Contaminants of Concern
| Contaminant | Category | Violations | Health-Based | ZIPs Affected |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Contaminant 1008 | Other | 1 | No | 1 |
| Chlorite | Disinfection Byproducts | 1 | No | 1 |
| Stage 2 DBP Rule | Treatment Technique | 1 | No | 1 |
| Lead and Copper Rule | Treatment Technique | 1 | No | 1 |
Radon Risk
Dominant radon zone: Zone 1 (High risk)
8 of 8 ZIP codes are in the highest radon risk zone. Radon is the #2 cause of lung cancer in the U.S. - homes and school buildings in Zone 1 should be tested.
Water Quality by ZIP Code
| ZIP Code | City | Safety Score | Violations | Health | Lead Level | Exceeds? |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 66061 | Olathe | D (47) | 3 | 0 | 0.011 mg/L | No |
| 66025 | Eudora | C (63) | 1 | 0 | 0.0011 mg/L | No |
| 66018 | De Soto | D (53) | 0 | 0 | — | — |
| 66217 | Shawnee | D (53) | 0 | 0 | — | — |
| 66218 | Shawnee | D (45) | 0 | 0 | — | — |
| 66220 | Lenexa | D (53) | 0 | 0 | — | — |
| 66226 | Shawnee | D (53) | 0 | 0 | — | — |
| 66227 | Lenexa | D (53) | 0 | 0 | — | — |
Water Systems Serving This District
| Water System | Population Served | Source | ZIP Codes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Water District 1 of Johnson Company | 482,000 | Surface water | 66018, 66061, 66217 +4 more |
| City of Olathe, | 143,014 | Surface water | 66061, 66220, 66227 |
| Johnson Company Rwd 7 | 6,457 | Surface water | 66018, 66025, 66061 |
| City of Eudora, | 6,449 | Groundwater | 66025 |
| City of Baldwin City, | 4,882 | Surface water | 66025 |
| Douglas Company Rwd 4 | 3,000 | Surface water | 66025 |
| City of Edgerton, | 1,741 | Surface water | 66025 |
| CLEARVIEW CITY, CITY OF | 450 | Groundwater | 66018 |
Lead Risk Assessment
Infrastructure Risk Factors
| Risk Factor | District Average | Why It Matters |
|---|---|---|
| Housing built before 1986 | 26.4% | Lead solder was used in plumbing until 1986 |
| Housing built before 1950 | 5.5% | Lead pipes were common before 1950 |
| Lead service line probability | 6.5% | Estimated chance of lead pipes connecting homes to water mains |
| Average lead level (90th pctl) | 0.0061 mg/L | EPA action level: 0.015 mg/L |
| Highest measured lead level | 0.011 mg/L | EPA action level: 0.015 mg/L |
Schools built before 1986 are especially at risk. Lead can leach from older pipes, fixtures, and solder joints into drinking water — particularly when water sits in pipes overnight or over weekends.
Detailed Violation History
| Contaminant | Category | Total Violations | Health-Based | ZIPs Affected |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stage 2 DBP Rule | Treatment Technique | 1 | No | 1 |
| Chlorite | Disinfection Byproducts | 1 | No | 1 |
| Lead and Copper Rule | Treatment Technique | 1 | No | 1 |
| Contaminant 1008 | Other | 1 | No | 1 |
Most Recent Violations
- Violation in ZIP 66025 (Unknown date) — Unresolved
- Violation in ZIP 66061 (Unknown date) — Unresolved
Is the Water Safe at De Soto Unified School District 232 Schools?
Several factors warrant attention for families in the De Soto Unified School District 232 area:
- PFAS ("forever chemicals") have been detected in 8 of 8 ZIP codes. Current levels are below EPA maximums.
- 2 violations remain unresolved, meaning the issues have not been officially corrected.
Important context: EPA compliance data measures water quality at the utility level. Individual school buildings — especially older ones — may have additional risks from internal plumbing, lead fixtures, and stagnant water in pipes.
What Parents Should Do
Testing
- Request your school's water testing results. Under the EPA's 3Ts program, schools are encouraged to test drinking water. Ask the De Soto Unified School District 232 school board for the most recent results.
- Test your home water. If your home was built before 1986, lead may be present in your plumbing. Free or low-cost test kits are often available from your water utility.
- Ask about PFAS testing. PFAS have been detected in this district. Request specific PFAS testing results from your water utility.
Advocacy
- Attend school board meetings and ask about the district's water quality testing schedule and remediation plans.
- Request lead fixture replacement if your child's school was built before 1986 and hasn't upgraded its plumbing.
- Contact your water utility about the 2 unresolved violations in the district. Ask for a timeline for resolution.
Resources
- EPA 3Ts Program for Schools
- CDC — Lead in Drinking Water
- NSF Filter Certification Lookup
- EPA PFAS Information
ZIP Code Reports for This District
- 66061 — Olathe (Grade: D), 3 violations
- 66025 — Eudora (Grade: C), 1 violation
- 66018 — De Soto (Grade: D), no violations
- 66217 — Shawnee (Grade: D), no violations
- 66218 — Shawnee (Grade: D), no violations
- 66220 — Lenexa (Grade: D), no violations
- 66226 — Shawnee (Grade: D), no violations
- 66227 — Lenexa (Grade: D), no violations
What Parents Can Do
- Request lead testing at your child's school - The EPA's 3Ts program (Training, Testing, Taking Action) provides guidance for schools. Ask your school board about their water testing schedule.
- Review the Consumer Confidence Report (CCR) - Your water utility publishes this annually. It details all detected contaminants.
- Consider a water filter for your home - NSF/ANSI 53 or NSF/ANSI 58 (reverse osmosis) filters are certified to remove lead. This is especially important for infant formula preparation.
- Address PFAS - If PFAS are detected in your area, a reverse osmosis or activated carbon block filter rated NSF/ANSI 53 or 58 can reduce levels significantly.
- Pack water from home - If you're concerned about school water quality, send your child with a water bottle filled at home (filtered if possible).
- Stay informed - Bookmark this page to check for updates on water quality in your school district.
Need help with school water quality?
Typical cost: Water test: typically $20–$50 (DIY kit) · Professional inspection: $150–$400
Find the Right Water FilterFree tip: Let cold water run for 2 minutes before drinking — this helps flush lead from your pipes.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is the water safe in De Soto Unified School District 232 schools?
Based on EPA data, water systems serving De Soto Unified School District 232 have no health-based violations in the past 5 years. However, school buildings with older plumbing may still have localized issues. Testing at the tap (not just at the treatment plant) is important.
Does De Soto Unified School District 232 test for lead in school water?
Federal law does not require schools to test for lead in drinking water (except in some states with specific mandates). The EPA's voluntary 3Ts program encourages testing. Contact your school district office to ask about their testing schedule and results.
What level of lead is safe for children?
There is no safe level of lead for children, according to the CDC. The EPA action level of 0.015 mg/L (15 ppb) triggers corrective action for water systems, but the American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that school water contain no more than 0.001 mg/L (1 ppb).
Are there PFAS in De Soto Unified School District 232 water?
Yes, PFAS have been detected in 8 of 8 ZIP codes served by this district. PFAS are "forever chemicals" that do not break down and can accumulate in the body. The EPA has set maximum contaminant levels for certain PFAS compounds. Reverse osmosis filters are the most effective at removing PFAS from drinking water.
Data Sources
- Water quality: EPA Safe Drinking Water Information System (SDWIS)
- Lead/copper: EPA Lead and Copper Rule sampling data
- School districts: NCES EDGE Geographic Relationship Files
- PFAS: EPA ECHO
- Radon: EPA Map of Radon Zones
Updated daily.