COUNTY REPORT OH

Jefferson County, Ohio

15 ZIP codes · Avg score 53/100 · Grade D · Updated 2026-06-03

Spanning 15 ZIP codes, Jefferson County carries a low water safety grade — health-based violations appear in a significant share of areas.

How Jefferson County Compares

Jefferson County53/100
Ohio avg60/100
National avg68/100

How Jefferson County Compares

D
County Grade
53/100
Avg Safety Score
15
ZIP Codes
16
Water Systems

Jefferson County scores 7 points below the Ohio state average (60/100) and 15 points below the national average (68/100).

Data: EPA SDWIS Last verified: 2026-06-03

D
County Grade
53
Avg Safety Score
15
ZIP Codes
Best ZIP: 43953 (65/100)
Lowest ZIP: 43948 (40/100)
$105K
Median Home Value
$2,627
Avg Remediation (251% of home value)

ZIP Code Risk Map

Water Quality Map: Jefferson County, Ohio

Each dot represents a ZIP code. Color indicates water quality grade. Tap a dot for details.

A B C D F

Key Risk Factors

Health risk index: 15.9 (asthma 11.7%, diabetes 15.1%)

Estimated additional annual cost per homeowner: $2,024, driven primarily by flood

Infrastructure: 0.475% avg pipe failure probability, 93% of ZIPs at high risk

84.7% of homes built before 1978 (lead paint era)

Violation History (2024–2025)

→ Stable trend

EPA violation counts by year across Jefferson County water systems. Health-based shown in red, total in blue.

2024
17 (17 health)
2025
7 (7 health)

Peak year: 2024 with 17 violations. Past 5 years: 24 total (24 health-based).

Source: EPA SDWIS historical violations. Data may lag 6–12 months for the most recent year.

County Health Indicators vs National Average

Asthma 11.7% (national: 8.9%)
Diabetes 15.1% (national: 10.5%)
Obesity 42.5% (national: 32.4%)

Black markers indicate national averages. Source: CDC PLACES, Census ACS.

Infrastructure Overview

1957
Median Build Year
84.7%
Pre-1978 Housing
48%
Pipe Failure Probability
93%
ZIPs at High Infra Risk
High
Lead Pipe Risk

Sources: Census ACS (housing age), EPA SDWIS (infrastructure risk model), state bridge inspection data.

Compound Risk Breakdown

Estimated additional annual cost per homeowner: $2,024

Flood $840/yr
Energy Code Gap $504/yr
Water / Lead $307/yr

Bar widths proportional to share of total annual risk cost. Source: compound risk model (FEMA, EPA, USGS).

Housing Age Distribution

28,358 housing units in Jefferson County

Pre-1940 23%
1940–1959 31%
1960–1979 28%
1980–1999 11%
2000+ 7%

Source: U.S. Census Bureau ACS B25034 (Year Structure Built).

Water Safety Affordability

How much it costs to fix water issues relative to home values in Jefferson County

$105K
Median Home Value
$2,627
Est. Remediation Cost
2.5%
of Home Value
Remediation as % of home value moderate burden

Water safety remediation is a moderate expense relative to home values. Most homeowners can address issues through staged improvements over time.

Remediation includes water filtration, lead abatement, radon mitigation, and flood protection where applicable. Source: Census ACS, EPA SDWIS.

Health Outcomes vs National Average

CDC PLACES data for Jefferson County residents

Asthma 11.7% (US avg: 8.9%)
Diabetes 15.1% (US avg: 11%)
Obesity 42.5% (US avg: 32.4%)

Black markers = national averages. Red = above national avg. Green = below. Source: CDC PLACES, Census ACS.

Water Systems with Most Violations

Top 5 systems in Jefferson County ranked by EPA violation count.

# Water System Population Violations
1 STEUBENVILLE, CITY OF 17,000 35
2 Dillonvale 665 34
3 Brilliant Water and Sewer 2,000 33
4 Jefferson Company W and S District- a 3,028 33
5 Jefferson Company W and S District - M 13,983 26

16 total water systems serve Jefferson County.

All ZIP Codes in Jefferson County

15 ZIP codes tracked in Jefferson County.

# ZIP Code City Safety Score Grade Violations Home Value
1 43953 Steubenville 65 C 12 (2 health) $140K
2 43913 Brilliant 64 C 7 (1 health) $70K
3 43963 Tiltonsville 64 C 2 $99K
4 43964 Toronto 61 C 2 (1 health) $122K
5 43952 Steubenville 60 C 12 (2 health) $122K
6 43938 Mingo Junction 58 C 9 $97K
7 43943 Rayland 54 D 17 (3 health) $113K
8 43944 Richmond 53 D 0 $176K
9 43961 Stratton 53 D 0 $51K
10 43901 Adena 50 D 8 $108K
11 43926 Empire 45 D 0 $56K
12 43932 Irondale 45 D 0 $157K
13 43917 Dillonvale 40 D 0 $102K
14 43941 Piney Fork 40 D 0
15 43948 Smithfield 40 D 0 $79K

Recommended Buyer Guides for Jefferson County

Eight risk categories drive the selection — PFAS exceedance, lead above EPA action level, pre-1978 housing share, EPA Radon Zone 1, flood-top-risk, wildfire-top-risk, multi-contaminant load, and a baseline fallback — and each category maps to a specific buyer-guide track that surfaces when the county data hits its threshold for that hazard signal.

Overview

Jefferson County in Ohio covers 15 ZIP codes with an average Home Safety Score of D (53/100).

8 of 15 ZIP codes have recorded EPA violations. 9 health-based violations have been documented.

← Back to Ohio water quality report

Data Sources

Updated daily.

What You Can Do

Jefferson County has a grade of D. Here are steps to protect your household.

1

Test your tap water

Order a certified lab test kit ($20-$50) to check for lead, bacteria, and other contaminants specific to your ZIP code.

2

Consider a certified water filter

NSF-certified filters can remove most common contaminants. Match the filter to your test results for best protection. Try our filter matcher

3

Contact your water utility

Request the latest Consumer Confidence Report (CCR) from your water provider. It details exactly what was found in your water supply.

4

Check for lead in your home

84.7% of homes in this county were built before 1978. Older plumbing and solder can leach lead into drinking water, especially in the morning.

Frequently Asked Questions

Is water safe in Jefferson County?
Jefferson County receives a grade of D. 5 of 15 ZIP codes have health-based violations. Independent water testing is recommended.
How many water systems serve Jefferson County?
Jefferson County is served by 16 public water systems that supply drinking water to residents across 15 ZIP codes.
What is the biggest environmental risk in Jefferson County?
The primary environmental risk factor in Jefferson County is flood. This contributes to an estimated additional annual cost of $2,024 per homeowner.
How old are homes in Jefferson County?
The median home build year in Jefferson County is 1957. 84.7% of homes were built before 1978, which means they may contain lead-based paint and older plumbing materials.
How does Jefferson County compare to Ohio?
Jefferson County has an average water safety score of 53/100, which is below the Ohio state average of 60/100.

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